Author: Nadya Labiba

Mohamed runs the takaaya (community kitchen) in Al-Thawra, Khartoum. This multi-generational enterprise has a long history of supporting communities in need.

“What people do not know,” Mohamed says, “is that this community kitchen is not new. It was founded in 1986 during the famine. Then came the floods in 1988. Those same pots were used again. This is not something we invented for this war.”

Takaaya have existed in Sudan for centuries. Rooted in Sufi tradition and the principle of nafeer (a Sudanese concept of communal mobilisation that predates modern humanitarian frameworks), they are a lifeline.

When international agencies evacuated their operations from Khartoum in the early weeks of the war in 2023, it was the takaaya, already embedded in neighbourhoods for decades, that continued feeding people.

Coming together to support new arrivals

Mohamed and his son Banaga reopened the takaaya 1 month after the war began, when they started seeing families from the nearby city of Omdurman arriving in their neighbourhood with only the clothes on their backs.

Together with a group of neighbours, who were unemployed and had some time but little money, they decided to act. The first contribution was Mohamed’s own: 4,000 Sudanese pounds (approximately $9.50 AUD) from his pocket. Others added what they could. Together they bought 4 kilos of lentils and cooked their first meal.

“It was only 4 kilos,” Mohamed says, “but it made a difference. Three or 4 days later, we were already cooking 40 kilos. People were very supportive. There was no promotion. The promotion came naturally, from need.”

Word spreads the way it does in communities that are paying attention to each other. Someone would come with their pot, take some food, then tell their neighbour. The next day, that neighbour would come too.

Within weeks, the kitchen was feeding 1,200 families a day – reaching shelters, schools, and public service points across the whole of Al-Thawra, without a single pound of external funding in those early months.

A pot has no label

Mohamed runs the kitchen by a single rule, which he has repeated to journalists, volunteers and anyone else who asks.

“I had one principle in mind always,” he says. “A pot has no label. It doesn’t matter who you are or where you come from — from Al-Thawra or Al-Abasiya or anywhere else. All I see is the pot. A pot that is to be filled so a human being can eat. Can a pot be Christian, Jewish or Muslim? No. It is just a pot.”

He describes a British television reporter who came and asked whether the kitchen was started based on race, politics or religion. He gave her the same answer. The kitchen has fed Christians and Muslims, locals and displaced people, soldiers and civilians.

The question of who deserves food, Mohamed says, has never come up —because in his view, there is no question.

When resources are low, improvise

The kitchen has now run continuously for 3 years, but not without difficulty. Mohamed thinks about tomorrow every single day; what is needed, what is missing, how to cover the gap.

“Honestly, when resources are low, we improvise,” he says. “The people we usually buy from, I go to them, take what we need on credit. And I thank them, because they never fail us. Even when they joke about it, they still give.”

To create a more stable income stream for his volunteers, many of whom have no other work, Mohamed opened a small restaurant selling cow-foot stew alongside the takaaya. One-third of the profit went to the workers, one-third back to the kitchen. It built a reputation, attracted customers, and kept people fed in more ways than one.

The essence of happiness

Mohamed is asked what keeps the volunteers going through 3 years of this: the early mornings, the borrowing, the uncertainty about tomorrow. His answer is specific.

“You cannot imagine the happiness you feel when someone comes to you with their pot, and you see it on their face that you have helped them. You cannot imagine how much joy there is in this. And at the same time, you cannot imagine the pain of telling someone who has been carrying their pot since morning: we are not working today.”

He describes elderly people sitting down on the ground outside the kitchen and crying if they arrive on a day when the food has run out. It has happened. It is, he says, the reason the kitchen almost never closes.

“When you look at their faces, you feel like you would give up anything for them.

“At the end of the day, you put your head on the pillow completely at peace. That is the essence of happiness.”

How Islamic Relief is responding to community kitchens in Sudan

Across Sudan, takaaya have become one of the most significant branches of the country’s hunger response.

Islamic Relief’s 2025 Takaaya report, based on research across Sudan, found that 83% of families do not have enough food to get through the day.

These community kitchens, often the last lifeline between families and starvation, are themselves at risk of collapse from underfunding, exhaustion and supply shortages.

In a recent report, new research found that 42% of community kitchens in Sudan have shut down in the last six months due to a lack of international support, raising fears of famine spreading as the war enters its fourth year.

Islamic Relief has worked in Sudan since 1984 and is currently operational across 9 states. We are providing food and cash assistance, and supporting nutritional feeding centres, health facilities, and agricultural recovery for families across the country.

Since April 2023, Islamic Relief has reached more than 2 million people with life-saving humanitarian aid.

Mohamed’s kitchen has been running for 3 years without stopping. What it needs now is fuel, supplies, and the assurance that tomorrow there will be something to cook.

• 42% of 844 surveyed kitchens have shut down due to lack of support.
• International governments meeting at Berlin Conference must increase support for local response groups. Three years of war has created world’s biggest hunger crisis.
• Impact of Middle East war has put more lifesaving kitchens at risk.
 

New Islamic Relief research finds that 42% of community kitchens in Sudan have shut down in the last six months due to a lack of international support, raising fears of famine spreading as the war enters its fourth year.

The research surveyed 844 kitchens in six states across Sudan and found that 354 have closed due to a lack of funds and supplies. The community kitchens, known as Takaaya, are the last lifeline for millions of people affected by the war, often reaching places where international aid is blocked.

As international governments prepare to meet at the Berlin Conference, marking the third anniversary of the war, Islamic Relief is calling on them to urgently increase support to local mutual aid groups, or many more will face closure. The Conference must also agree to step up pressure for an immediate ceasefire to protect civilians from rising attacks.

The efforts of Sudan’s local volunteers and mutual aid groups have drawn global praise and awards, but this has not yet led to increased tangible support. The research follows Islamic Relief’s report in November 2025 that warned many kitchens were on the verge of collapse.

Islamic Relief Worldwide CEO, Iftikhar Shaheen, says: “The suffering in Sudan is a collective moral failure of the international community. Three years of war has created the world’s biggest hunger crisis and these locally run kitchens have saved countless lives. Their closure now is a death sentence for many vulnerable families. Heroic volunteers are doing everything they can to keep the kitchens open, but they need more support. As global governments meet in Berlin we need a clear commitment to increase aid, support local responders, and ensure an immediate ceasefire.”

Sudanese civilians continue to be attacked, starved, and forced from their homes. A rise in deadly drone strikes over the past couple of months have killed children, medics and patients as hospitals and schools have been hit. More than 21 million people in Sudan – 45% of the population – are now suffering food shortages due to mass displacement and attacks on farmland and trade routes.

Local mutual aid groups receive hardly any direct international funding. Most have relied on support from the Sudanese diaspora and community donations, but as the war goes on these funds are drying up. The war has fuelled an economic crisis in Sudan and rampant inflation has doubled the cost of providing meals.

Over the past month, the war in the Middle East has disrupted global supply routes and put further strain on Sudan’s community kitchens, with rising food shortages and a 187% increase in fuel costs in the last few weeks.

Islamic Relief’s research finds a varied picture across regions. In North Darfur, where famine is spreading, and recent UN assessments found more than half of children malnourished, 57% of surveyed kitchens have closed. In Tawila, North Darfur, where thousands of families have fled the siege and massacres in El Fasher, young volunteers report having to close their kitchens regularly in between donations. In Port Sudan, six out of seven kitchens (86%) have closed. However, in North Kordofan, almost all have managed to stay open as limited funding has been diverted here to address the worsening security and hunger crisis in the Kordofan region.

The kitchens that remain open are struggling to meet growing demand as more people seek support.

• Alaa, a community kitchen volunteer in Port Sudan, told Islamic Relief: “We had to suspend operations when our funding stopped. For six months, we had been feeding up to 4,000 people there every single day. We knew everyone. We became family with them. When we had to close that kitchen, it felt like abandoning my own family. Every day, there are new faces and new children. The responsibility grows every day because the number of people keeps increasing while the funding does not.”
• Ezaldeen, another Takaaya volunteer, said: “Before we had variety: lentils, vegetables, beans… Now it is usually just one type of food. We are feeding people, but we are not feeding them well. More than five people in this community have died from illnesses directly caused by hunger and malnutrition… five people who might still be alive if the Takaaya had been better resourced.”
• A volunteer in Khartoum says: “Six months ago, a meal cost around 3,000 Sudanese pounds (approx. $7.05 AUD). Now it costs about 7,000 (approx. $16.55 AUD)… more than double. When you are feeding hundreds of people every day, that difference is enormous.”
 

Cuts to international humanitarian aid further compound the challenges. The UN-led 2026 appeal for Sudan has received just 16% of the funding it needs. Last year’s appeal received less than 40%, a massive drop from 70% funded in 2024.

Islamic Relief has worked in Sudan since 1984 and has provided aid to over 2 million people across the country since the war broke out in April 2023, including food, water, and healthcare. The charity currently works in 11 of Sudan’s 18 states. Find out more about Islamic Relief’s work in Sudan.

Inas was 30 years old, fasting for Ramadan, and caring for her 3 young children and her elderly father when war erupted in the capital of Sudan, Khartoum, in April 2023. What happened in the hours and days that followed changed everything for her. Three years on, she is still rebuilding her life.

Three years ago, Sudan changed overnight. On the morning of 15 April 2023, in the final days of Ramadan, fighting broke out in Khartoum, engulfing a city of nearly 7 million people in violence.

In the years since, more than 12.8 million people have been displaced. Famine has been declared across multiple regions. Sudan has become the largest displacement crisis in the world. For Inas, it began with a typical Ramadan day in the Mayo neighbourhood of Khartoum.

“We couldn’t believe what was happening,” Inas says. “[Shelling] took the lives of 4 of the dearest young men in our neighbourhood. They were just starting to break their fast when [the bomb] fell on them.”

That night, Inas and her family, which includes her 80-year-old father, who struggles to walk, and 3 children, aged 6, 7 and 10, could not eat or drink. They gathered what little they could carry and left their home on foot.

The long road to safety

The family walked for 2 hours through the streets of Khartoum to reach Inas’s brother’s house in the suburb of Al-Azhari. They were in shock and had taken almost nothing with them. When they arrived, the shelling still had not stopped.

The next morning, the family were off again, walking to the bus terminal, then getting on a truck towards the central city of Soba. Then it was another truck to reach the relative safety of Gedaref. As they travelled, the family heard shots and saw families with very young children running alongside their vehicles, desperate to escape.

The family thought they had found safety in Gedaref, where Inas has family. They arrived on Eid. It was, she says, the first time since leaving home that they felt something close to peace.

But their journey was not over. Over the following months, as Sudan’s displacement crisis deepened, Inas and her family moved through a succession of temporary shelters: a youth centre, a medical school dormitory and a school building.

When the schools reopened, the families sheltering in these buildings had to move again. In December 2023, Inas arrived at Abu Alnajas camp in Gedaref, run by Islamic Relief, where she still lives today.

Medical crises

Inas speaks clearly and directly as she tells her story, but when she talks about her youngest child, her voice softens.

“He is afraid of thunder. He is afraid of the sound of cars. He runs to me to hold him, and he stays in shock for an hour. He cannot speak. The planes and the shelling left a deep mark on him.”

This is one of the least visible consequences of Sudan’s ongoing crisis; the psychological toll on children who have witnessed violence at an age where they have no framework to process it.

In camps already stretched beyond capacity, with no electricity, limited schooling and nowhere for children to simply play and enjoy their childhood, the conditions for recovery are almost impossible.

Inas is also managing her own health. She has hypertension, a condition that requires regular medication to manage. At one point, in the chaos of displacement, her supplies had run out. For 3 months, she couldn’t get the medication she needed. Clinics in the area had only basic painkillers, so she went without treatment.

Fortunately, Inas received help from Islamic Relief’s cash assistance programme via a direct transfer to her bank account. With that support, she was able to buy her hypertension medication and has continued her treatment since.

A future that requires more than relief

Inas is grateful for the support she has received, but she also highlights a need that food parcels and cash transfers alone cannot address.

What she wants is a women’s development centre. A space in the camp where displaced women can meet, learn, share ideas and support each other. A place where mothers who are raising children with no electricity, no adequate schooling and no clear end to this situation can find some form of purpose and connection.

“We are living patiently,” she says. “But patience needs something to hold onto.”

Three years after a shell fell on her street, Inas is still surviving, still caring for her father, still raising her children, still managing her health, and still asking for something more than survival.

Across Sudan, more than 30 million people – over half the population – are in need of humanitarian assistance, waiting for the world to remember them.

Islamic Relief’s response in Sudan

Islamic Relief has worked in Sudan since 1984 and is currently operational across 9 states, supporting some of the country’s most vulnerable and hard-to-reach communities.

In Gedaref, Islamic Relief operates displacement camps, distributes cash assistance, supports health centres and nutritional feeding programmes. We are also supplying food and clean water to hospitals treating malnourished children.

Since the conflict began in April 2023, Islamic Relief has reached more than 2 million people across Sudan with lifesaving aid, including food, medical supplies, agricultural support and emergency cash transfers that allow families like Inas’s to meet their most pressing needs.

But the needs in Sudan are far greater than the aid being provided. Three years on, Sudan remains one of the most underfunded humanitarian crises in the world. Families are surviving, but surviving is not the same as recovering, and recovery requires far more support.

Sudan cannot wait. Three years of war have left more than 30 million people in need of humanitarian assistance.

Support Islamic Relief’s Sudan Emergency Appeal and help us continue reaching families like Inas’s with the life-saving aid they desperately need.

Signatories: ACT Alliance, Caritas Internationalis, Islamic Relief Worldwide

15 April 2026: We mark three painful years since the outbreak of the conflict in Sudan, a conflict which has devastated Sudanese people, scattered families, destroyed livelihoods and shaken the foundations of the nation. Women and girls bear the brunt of the crisis, facing increased violence, and severely limited access to protection and essential services. We, as faith leaders and faith-based organisations responding in Sudan, urge concrete, accountable commitments through the Berlin Conference and beyond to uphold human rights and protect civilians and frontline responders.

Sudanese local actors, including women, youth and mutual aid groups, are at the forefront of the response. Communities remain resilient, with long-standing solidarity networks. Among these, faith-based actors play a vital role through their trusted presence in vulnerable and hard-to-reach areas, delivering essential services such as food, health, nutrition and WASH, alongside livelihoods, spiritual care and psychosocial support to restore dignity and agency.

Governments from around the world increasingly recognise the importance of Sudan’s local responders. Yet funding still fails to reach local actors and mutual aid groups on the frontlines, including local faith actors, who have seen their ability to provide even essential services curtailed due to aid cuts, strained diaspora funding and the collapse of the banking system.

“While many faith leaders had to flee Sudan due to the insecurity and targeting, some of us stayed so that communities don’t lose their anchor and strength to keep going,” (Religious leader in Sudan),

Urgent action is needed to bring protection to the Muslim and Christian leaders who remain in Sudan alongside protection for local responders facing intensified attacks and displacement. Strengthening Sudanese civil society and mutual aid groups is essential not only to address immediate needs, but also to lay the foundation for long-term, community-based recovery across the country.

As the conflict escalates and spreads unabated with the increasing use of drone attacks, the safety and scope of response for all actors is severely impacted. Health and education facilities have been hit, and our protection personnel report growing difficulties in accessing displacement camps due to the heightened insecurity.

The destruction and looting of humanitarian warehouses, convoys and offices has also resulted in vast losses of food and essential supplies. Starvation has been systematically used as a weapon of war in the conflict, leaving at least 6.7 million people in catastrophic levels of food insecurity. Widespread insecurity, including extreme levels of sexual violence, have made it increasingly difficult and dangerous for civilians – particularly women and girls – to search for food, water and basic services. Even where active conflict is reduced, such as Khartoum, the erosion of protection systems and the collapse of sustainable livelihoods continue to expose communities to heightened risks and prolonged hardship. But coupled with the conflict, drastic cuts by donors are diminishing longer-term gender-responsive cash for livelihoods and income generation.

We call for immediate ceasefire and peace. There is no military solution to the conflict nor to the suffering of the Sudanese population. We have three key messages to the international community as it continues high level discussions in Berlin this week:

• Keep civilians at the centre of peace and justice in Sudan. In the Berlin talks and their outcomes, we amplify the call of our faith partners for peace and justice in Sudan through civilian-led processes with women and youth at the forefront, and the involvement of trusted faith leaders. We call for a reversal of the exclusion and respect for women and their full inclusion in ceasefire initiatives, humanitarian mediation, political dialogue and all aspects of civic life.
• Increase financial support to local responders—including women, youth and faith actors. Donors must sustain both humanitarian and development funding, recognising Sudanese communities’ aspirations to build livelihoods, reduce reliance on food aid, and advance recovery and peacebuilding where possible. Amid global aid cuts and a focus on immediate relief, it is critical that fragile contexts like Sudan are not deprived of resources for early recovery and long-term resilience.
• We support the call of international NGOs responding in Sudan for united international diplomacy for an end to attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure – including IDP sites, medical facilities, places of worship and humanitarian personnel – and allow rapid, safe, unhindered, and sustained humanitarian access and assistance. This must include prioritising sexual based violence protection mechanisms with support to community-based prevention and protection, including spiritual care and psychological support.

Each year, millions of Muslims from around the world travel to Makkah to perform the sacred pilgrimage of Hajj. As one of the five pillars of Islam, it is an important staple of the religion, alongside Shahada, Salah, Zakat and Sawm. Thus, every adult Muslim, if able, must perform it at least once in their lifetime.

The pilgrimage occurs during the same time each lunar year, in Dhul Hijjah, the twelfth month in the Islamic (Hijri) Calendar. It begins on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah and lasts approximately five to six days, depending on the sighting of the moon. The blessed days of Arafah and Eid al-Adha also occur during this period.

The year, the Hajj period is expected to fall between Sunday, May 24, 2026, and Friday, May 29, 2026. Learn more about when Hajj is in 2026 here.

Why Do Muslims Go On Hajj?

Hajj is the fifth and final pillar of Islam. Being a pillar of the religion, it is a spiritual duty on every adult Muslim to perform Hajj. However, unlike the pillars of prayer (Salah), Zakat and fasting (Sawm), Muslims only have to perform the pilgrimage once in their lifetime, so long as they are physically, emotionally, and financially able.

The Importance of Hajj in Islam

In the Holy Qur’an, Allah (SWT) mentions the pilgrimage in Surah Al-Baqarah, in verse 197, where He states that its season falls within the “well-known months” of the Islamic Calendar. This includes Dhul Hijjah, when the main Hajj period takes place.

Allah (SWT) also commands Muslims to fulfil the sacred pilgrimage, as mentioned in Surah Ali Imran:

And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House – for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves – then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.”

Quran 3:97

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) also stressed the many rewards of Hajj. He stated:

“Whoever performs Hajj for the sake of Allah and does not utter any obscene speech or do any evil deed, will go back (free of sin) as his mother bore him.”

Bukhari and Muslim

The Hajj pilgrimage is a test of patience and temperament, and can be spiritually, emotionally, and physically challenging. However, it is also a momentous occasion that delivers an experience like no other. An opportunity to draw closer to Allah (SWT) more than ever before.

That is why many Muslims around the world strive their whole lives for the opportunity to perform Hajj – sometimes even more than once!

What Happens During Hajj?

Each year, millions of Muslims travel by land, sea and air to Makkah, Saudi Arabia and perform Hajj. Approximately 2-3 million people attend Hajj each year, with each of them having to complete a series of rites and rituals.

Here are the 18 steps of Hajj at a glance:

• Preparation and Intention
• Enter state of Ihram
• Tawaf x7
• Safa and Marwa
• Clip/Shave Hair (Umrah ends)
• Resting and Praying
• Enter state of Ihram
• Arrive at Mina
• Day of ‘Arafah
• Muzdalifah (under the night sky)
• Rami (stoning of the devil)
• Qurbani
• Shave Head
• Tawaf al-Ifadha
• Rami (stoning of the devil)
• Spend night at Mina
• Rami (stoning of the devil)
• Farewell Tawaf al-Wida

Each action of Hajj has its spiritual, emotional, and physical challenges. During the five or six days of the pilgrimage, pilgrims can expect to walk between 5 km and 15 km per day, as there is some travel between locations. But much of the pilgrimage takes place at the Masjid al-Haram, where the Kaaba is located.

What is the Ka’aba?

The Ka’aba (meaning “cube” in Arabic) is the most sacred site in Islam. It is the sacred bayt Allah (House of God) and was first built by Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his son Ismail (AS).

“And remember Ibrahim and Ismail raised the foundations of the House (With this prayer): “Our Lord! Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing.”

Quran 2:127

The Ka’aba is a fundamental part of the Tawaf ritual in Hajj. It is also the qibla (direction) towards which Muslims turn in prayer five times a day. Previously, Muslims would pray facing Al-Aqsa in Jerusalem.

How Do You Prepare for Hajj?

Hajj is an act of worship that is also very physically demanding. For this reason, many Muslims try to prepare for it weeks in advance, so that the travel required between locations across the five-to-six-day pilgrimage does not come as a shock.

Being physically prepared helps pilgrims complete the emotionally and spiritually demanding aspects of Hajj. This allows them to focus on performing the actions of the pilgrimage to the best of their ability, doing the most for Allah (SWT)’s sake.

Other Times Muslims travel to Makkah

Hajj is not the only time Muslims can travel to Makkah. Umrah is a lesser pilgrimage that can be performed at any time of the year. While it is not obligatory, it also offers many rewards for Muslims who choose to take it. For Allah’s Messenger (ﷺ) said,

“(The performance of) `Umra is an expiation for the sins committed (between it and the previous one). And the reward of Hajj Mabrur (the one accepted by Allah) is nothing except Paradise.”

Sahih al-Bukhari

There are also far fewer steps in Umrah when compared to Hajj. Hajj lasts approximately five to six days (depending on the sighting of the crescent moon), whereas Umrah can be performed within a much shorter period. However, one can perform either pilgrimage as many times as one likes in their lifetime, if one has the means to do so.

Conclusion

Hajj as we know it today was first performed in 628 CE by the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and the first Muslims. He (ﷺ) was instructed to re-establish the traditions started by the Prophet Ibrahim (AS) as instructed by Allah (SWT), millennia before.

Last year, over 1.67 million Muslims from around the world travelled to Makkah for Hajj 2025. They, like many Muslims who performed the pilgrimage before them, have now become Hajji (Hajjah for women).

Best of luck to those who are going for the Hajj this year. May Allah (SWT) grant you safe travels! And may those who have not been one day embark on this momentous journey, insha’Allah!

Eid al-Adha is one of the two blessed celebrations Muslims observe, the other being Eid al-Fitr. There are many observances unique to Eid Al-Adha (and Dhul Hijjah in general), including Qurban.

This year, Eid Al Adha 2026 is expected to fall on the evening of Tuesday, May 26, 2026, depending on the sighting of the moon. Eid prayer will take place on Wednesday, May 27, 2026.

What is Eid Al-Adha?

Eid al-Adha (meaning “festival of sacrifice”) is an Islamic celebration occurring in Dhul Hijjah, the twelfth and final month of the Islamic (Hijri) Calendar. Depending on the country and lunar cycle for the year, the celebration can last two to four days.

The Eid of Sacrifice commemorates the ultimate act of sacrifice performed by our beloved Prophet Ibrahim (AS). The submission he made in his willingness to give up what he loved most, his son, Ismail (AS), for the sake of Allah (SWT). 

As such, Muslims, in turn, also offer a sacrifice, known as Qurban, on this day of celebration.

What is Qurban?

Qurban (also known as Qurbani or Udhiyah) means sacrifice. It is an act of worship unique to Eid al-Adha, commemorating the sacrifice Prophet Ibrahim (AS) made to Allah (SWT).

Following the Eid prayer on the first day of celebration, Muslims around the world slaughter an animal – typically a sheep, goat, camel or cow. The sacrificed animal is then divided into three equal portions. One-third goes to the needy, one-third goes to relatives and neighbours, and the remainder Muslims keep for their own families. 

Who should give Qurban?

Qurban is an important act of worship that every Muslim who has reached the age of puberty should do if they can afford it. Typically, Muslims who are eligible for Zakat should also give Qurban.

When should I give my Qurban?

It is best practice to purchase your Qurban as early as possible so that it can be performed on time. While one can carry out the sacrifice on any day of Eid al-Adha (from the 10th to the 13th of Dhul Hijjah), performing it on the first day is Sunnah.

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used to carry out the sacrifice immediately after the Eid prayer. In turn, his first meal on the day of Eid was meat from the sacrifice. 

Other Observances of Eid Al-Adha

As with any festival and important occasion, we follow the example of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ). There are various Sunnah acts of worship you can do on the day of Eid. These include performing ghusl, wearing one’s best clothes, reciting takbeer and offering Eid greetings.

Similar to Eid al-Fitr, Eid prayer is also an important part of Eid al-Adha. Attending the Eid prayer and walking to the Eid prayer are also Sunan of the Prophet (ﷺ).

Why donate your Qurban to Islamic Relief?

When you donate your Qurban to Islamic Relief, we prioritise providing meat to the most vulnerable families across the world during the Holy season. 

Our international teams work hard to get your donation to the hardest-to-reach regions and conflict-affected areas, including Myanmar, Palestine, and Yemen. 

Meat is sourced locally to support the local economy and distributed fresh. All logistics—from sacrifice to transportation—are handled in accordance with Islamic principles and with the best hygienic practices possible. Each pack contains 2-5 kilograms of meat and feeds a family of approximately 4-8 people.

Donate Qurban now and make your sacrifice. 

Each year, millions of Muslims from around the world travel to Makkah, Saudi Arabia, to perform Hajj.

The fifth pillar of Islam, Hajj, is a sacred pilgrimage that must be performed by every Muslim at least once in their lifetime, so long as they are financially, physically and emotionally able to do so.

And [due] to Allah from the people is a pilgrimage to the House – for whoever is able to find thereto a way. But whoever disbelieves – then indeed, Allah is free from need of the worlds.

Qur’an 3:97

Hajj occurs during the holy month of Dhul Hijjah, the 12th month in the Islamic (Hijri) calendar. It falls between the 8th and 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah, depending on the sighting of the moon.

As the Hijri calendar is lunar (following the cycles of the moon), the corresponding date on our Gregorian calendars varies year by year. This year, Hajj 2025 is between Sunday, May 24, 2026, and Friday, May 29, 2026.

For anyone preparing to go on the pilgrimage this year, it’s an incredibly exciting time. While it will certainly be a test of patience, with great spiritual, emotional, and physical challenges, it also offers an opportunity to cleanse oneself of one’s sins and draw closer to Allah (SWT).

As Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

Whoever performs Hajj for the sake of Allah and does not utter any obscene speech or do any evil deed, will go back (free of sin) as his mother bore him.

Bukhari and Muslim

To help review our knowledge of Hajj and its rituals, this handy and comprehensive guide is here to explore the different aspects of the holy pilgrimage: from its origin to how to perform it.

The Story Of Hajj

The origin of Hajj dates back to the time of Prophet Ibrahim (AS). This was thousands of years before the time of Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ).

Prophet Ibrahim (AS) built the Kaa’ba, the cubic-like structure in Masjid al-Haram. It is the qibla (direction) that Muslims pray towards and is known as Baitullah, or ‘the House of God’. It also plays an important part in the rituals of Hajj. However, it is not something that Muslims worship itself.

Because of Ibrahim (AS), Muslims are able to perform Hajj. A practice that remains the same as Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and Sahabah (companions) did hundreds of years ago, during the month of Dhul Hijjah in 632CE (10AH).

Hajar, Isma’il (AS) And The Well Of Zamzam

During his prophethood, Ibrahim (AS) encountered several trials. Challenges that became lessons to mankind, teaching us about the importance of devotion to Allah (SWT), sacrifice, faith and more.

These trials include the test of Ibrahim’s (AS) willingness to sacrifice his son for the sake of Allah (SWT), which is why Muslims perform Qurban on Eid Al Adha. Allah (SWT) also tested Ibrahim by instructing him to leave his wife Hajar and son Isma’il (AS) alone in the desert of Makkah. This is the test that provides the basis for Hajj.

Entrusting in Allah (SWT)’s plan, Ibrahim (AS), Hajar and Isma’il (AS), carried through with the command and endured the trials ahead. When the little food and water that they had soon ran out, Isma’il (AS), an infant at the time, cried of thirst. Hajar, desperately searching for water, ran between the nearby hills of Safa and Marwah in the hope of spotting someone who could help them.

Unable to find help, Hajar returned and found Isma’il (AS) striking and scraping the ground with his leg in distress. Suddenly, a spring burst forth from the barren desert. By Allah (SWT)’s command, a source of water from deep within the earth (that is still in use today), provided Hajar and Isma’il (AS) with water. This is known as the well of Zam Zam.

The water source provided Hajar with a means of trade and livelihood. It enables her to exchange food and other provisions with passing nomads for water. Soon, the site became prosperous. And when Ibrahim (AS), with Allah (SWT)’s permission, returned to his family in the desert, he was amazed to see the miracles that had unfolded for them. These were the fruits of their faith in Allah (SWT).

The Construction Of The Kaa’ba

At the site of the well of Zam Zam, Allah (SWT) commanded Ibrahim (AS) to build the Kaa’ba. He (AS) and his son Isma’il (AS) worked together to build its small stone structure. It marked a space for the sacred gathering of Muslims – all those who believed in the one God, Allah (SWT). 

The Inception of Hajj (The Sacred Pilgrimage)

As time passed, the site of the miracle well of ZamZam and the Kaa’bah gave way for Makkah to become a thriving and prosperous settlement. Ibrahim (AS) returned to the site each year to offer his pilgrimage to Allah (SWT). In turn, years later, when Isma’il (AS) was given his prophethood, he continued the tradition. Thus, began the inception of the Hajj.

However, during the thousands of years that would pass, this would change. The site that was built to commemorate the lessons of Ibrahim’s (AS) trial, the miracle of Allah (SWT) and most importantly the belief in one God was later taken over by pagan Arabs and the worship of idols and spirits. It grew into a city for trade and the worship of pagan gods. And the Kaa’ba eventually came to house these false gods.

Until, thousands of years later, when Muhammad (ﷺ) became a prophet and came with the commandment to restore the Kaa’ba to its original purpose. The last of Allah’s (SWT) messengers, he established Islam in the land for mankind. He (ﷺ) likewise resumed Hajj, performing the first official pilgrimage with his companions in 632 CE, re-establishing the traditions started by the Prophet Ibrahim (AS).

Hajj As We Know It Today

Today, each year, over 2.5 million Muslims worldwide, of every race, class, and culture, travel to Makkah in Dhul Hijjah. Where they stand equal before Allah (SWT) – one’s status, race, culture, and wealth are irrelevant –as they fulfil the rites of Hajj.

These days, Hajj pilgrims travel to Makkah by land, air and sea days and weeks prior to the pilgrimage period. If you’re travelling from Australia, you are likely to fly to Saudi Arabia, touching down in Jeddah or Medina. From there you will travel with your Hajj group to Makkah.

Some people save up money their entire lives to be able to perform Hajj, while others are fortunate enough to fulfil it more than once. Regardless, each Muslim are only required to perform Hajj once in his or her lifetime, and only after meeting the requirements.

Who Is Eligible To Perform Hajj?

Hajj forms one of the five pillars of Islam. The other five pillars include the Shahada (the declaration that “There is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God”), Salah (Prayer), Zakat (Almsgiving) and Sawm (Fasting).

As a pillar of the faith, Hajj is a spiritual duty for all Muslims. However, there are still certain conditions Muslims need to meet for it to be obligatory for them to perform the sacred pilgrimage.

Firstly, one must be an adult. While children may go to Hajj, they are not required to. Secondly, one must be healthy. The very weak, sick, elderly, or otherwise physically incapable Muslims are exempt from having to perform the pilgrimage.

Thirdly, one must be financially able to perform Hajj. A person in debt is not obliged to perform Hajj until he has cleared it. However, if one is in debt, one may still perform Hajj as long as their creditor permits it, they have time to pay off the debt and performing Hajj does not affect their ability to pay it off.

When Do I Perform Hajj?

In the Islamic tradition, Muslims use the Hijri calendar which follows the cycle of the moon. This contrasts with the more commonly used Gregorian calendar, which calculates dates using the sun.

Hajj occurs each year between the 8th to 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah. However, the corresponding Gregorian dates differ year to year as the lunar calendar appears to shift forward approximately 11-12 days.

How Do I Perform Hajj?

There are three forms of Hajj: Tamattu, Ifraad and Qiran. In this guide, we will use the Tamattu, the form that the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) encouraged the Muslims to perform.

A Step-By-Step Guide To Performing Hajj

Preparation and Intention

Before you arrive at Makkah to begin Hajj, it’s important to make your intention (niyyah) within your heart. The intention must be to perform the Hajj for the sake of Allah (SWT) alone. It should not be done with the intention of being seen by others or for worldly gain. Only for a desire for good in the Hereafter.

Entering The State Of Ihram

Next, you’ll enter into the state of Ihram (ritual purity). The rules around the clothing of Ihram are extremely simple, yet strict and must be adhered to.

For men, this means wearing the designated white cloth. One piece should be wrapped around your shoulder and one around your waist. Ladies may wear any clothing of their choice but should ensure they observe the rules of Hijab. Face coverings, however, are not permitted. Fully covering shoes are also not permitted. Both women and men must wear sandals for footwear.

Whilst in the state of Ihram, we should also be particularly mindful of our behaviour and words. We should avoid smoking, engaging in sexual relations, swearing, shaving our hair, and cutting our nails. Fighting, arguing, hunting, killing, or unjustifiably breaking anything while in the state Ihram is also forbidden.

We must also not use scented products such as perfumes, moisturisers, makeup, or soaps. We, however, substitute them for unscented toiletries which are permissible to use.

Tip: Carry spare Ihram clothing if you can. Likewise, invest in a decent pair of trekking sandals. They tend to be the most comfortable and practical, given that you will be walking long distances on tarmac as well as gravel. Try and wear-in your sandals before you depart for Saudi so that you don’t break out in blisters or face discomfort once you’re there.
Upon arriving in Makkah, get ready for the biggest spiritual journey of your life! First, you must perform your Umrah. This means doing the rites of Tawaf and Sa’i, as outlined in the next steps.

Tawaf x 7

Tawaf is one of the principal rites of the pilgrimage. It refers to walking in circles around the Kaa’bah in an anti-clockwise motion.

One Tawaf is made up of seven complete circuits. Each one starts and ends at the black stone, situated within the Kaa’bah.

In addition to your Tawaf, you can also offer voluntary prayers. To thank Allah (SWT) for arriving safely and mark the start of this incredibly special spiritual journey.

Safa and Marwa

After you’ve performed your Tawaf, you’ll then perform what’s known as Sa’i (walking and running between the two hills of Safa and Marwa).

You’ll begin the Sa’i on the hill of Safa and walk towards the hill of Marwa. You will eventually see the green marker, at which point you will run until the next green marker and continue walking until you reach Marwa. This completes one lap.

You will then return to Safa to complete your second lap. Your Sa’i is complete once you have performed a total of seven laps between the hills of Safa and Marwa.

This is an important ritual in memory of Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) wife Hajar, and her struggle in the desert in search of water for her son Prophet Isma’il (AS). Sa’i symbolises the ongoing struggle that we encounter throughout our lives, as Hajar experienced herself.

Clip/Shave Hair (Umrah Ends)

Once Sa’i is complete, men will have their hair clipped or shaved, while women will clip their hair to the length of a fingertip. This marks the completion of your umrah, allowing you to leave Ihram, until the 8th of Dhul Hijjah.

Tip: Be very patient here. You’ll likely be tired from tawaf. You also might notice fellow pilgrims in a hurry to complete the Sa’i. Feel free to take your time. Take regular breaks, and drink Zam Zam water which is available between Safa and Marwa.

Resting and praying

Now that you’ve performed your Umrah, for the rest of this blessed month, you’ll stay in Makkah to complete your spiritual journey of Hajj, surrounded by your fellow Muslim sisters and brothers, SubhanAllah! Make sure to get plenty of rest and make the best use of your time by performing sincere acts of worship. Your Hajj will begin on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah.

Re-entering State of Ihram (Day 1/8th Dhul Hijjah)

Fulfilling your sacred obligation of Hajj will be the most spiritual period of your life Insha’Allah (God willing), filled with blessings and forgiveness from Allah (SWT)! The 8th day of Dhul Hijjah marks the beginning of the days of Hajj and the next stage of your spiritual journey. You’ll purify yourself and enter the state of Ihram once again.

Once you’re all set to enter the Ihram, you’ll begin reciting the following invocation called the Talbiyah:

Labbayka Allāhumma labbayk. Labbayk lā shareeka laka labbayk. Inna al-ḥamda, wa n-‘imata, Laka wal mulk. Lā shareeka lak.

لَبَّيْكَ اللَّهُمَّ لَبَّيْكَ، لَبَّيْكَ لاَ شَرِيْكَ لَكَ لَبَّيْكَ، إِنَّ الْحَمْدَ وَالنِّعْمَةَ لَكَ وَالْمُلْكَ لاَشَرِيْكَ لَكَ

“Here I am, O Allah, here I am, here I am. You have no partner, here I am. Verily all praise and blessings are Yours, and all sovereignty. You have no partner.”

You will then proceed with your Hajj group to the neighbourhood of Mina in Makkah, located roughly eight kilometres from the centre of Makkah.

Tip: Carry some essentials such as unscented sun cream, moisturiser, Vaseline and soap. Sun cream is particularly handy, especially if you have no hair as it is not permissible for men to cover their head or face whilst in Ihram. Vaseline is also particularly valuable for both women and men to protect against painful rashes that may occur as a result of constant walking. All of these are readily available in Saudi Arabia.

Arrive At Mina

Once you arrive in the tent city (neighbourhood) of Mina, you’ll settle into your allocated tent. Here you’ll pray Salah (obligatory prayers), including Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, ‘Isha and Fajr, shortening your four-unit prayers to two units each, without combining them, as stated in the Qu’ran.

You’ll spend the night and pray to Allah (SWT), reading the Qur’an and preparing for day two. It’s an important time for spiritual reflection and devotion, so try and make the most of this special night.

Tip: Be patient here, as space inside the tents can be very tight. You might find yourself very close to fellow pilgrims. The weather is also likely to be very hot, so remember to keep yourself hydrated. The Saudi authorities have installed cold water stations close to all tents, so familiarise yourself with your surroundings.

You may also notice that Hajj authority workers regularly stock up on complimentary cold drinks in cooler boxes next to your tent. They’re there for you to consume, so enjoy them to quench your thirst, but don’t forget the spiritual purpose of being there.

Day of ‘Arafah (Day 2/9th Dhul Hijjah)

After sunrise in Mina, you’ll then head to the plains of ‘Arafah, where you should be spending your time in contemplation and prayer. This includes reciting Istaghfar (asking for forgiveness) and making supplications – marking the Day of ‘Arafah when we ask Allah (SWT) for forgiveness for our sins.

Upon reaching the plains of Mount ‘Arafah, pilgrims observe shortened Dhuhr and Asr prayers combined (two Rakat instead of four). However, according to Abu Hanifa, the combining of Dhur and Asr is only valid if one prays behind the Imam in the Masjid. Therefore if one were to pray in the tent, then they should not combine both salah.

On this day, there will be a sermon delivered from Masjid al-Nimra on Mount ‘Arafah. Try to listen to the Khutbah (sermon) if possible. Your group may also facilitate an English translation of this sermon.

Tip: Don’t be tempted to exhaust your energy and trek up Mount ‘Arafah, also known as Jabal al-Rahmah, on this day. Jabal al-Rahmah is the hill from where the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ) delivered his sermon. There is no authentic source to suggest any benefit in trekking the hill itself or to undertake this climb as a religious ritual.

Importance of ‘Arafah

The day of ‘Arafah is one of the most important days for Muslims across the world. Allah (SWT) refers to the Day of ‘Arafah in Surah al-Maidah as the Day on which He perfected His religion, completed His favours upon His beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and approved Islam as a way of life!

The Prophet (ﷺ) also said:

“There is no day on which Allah frees people from the Fire more so than on the day of ‘Arafah. He comes close to those (people standing on ‘Arafah), and then He reveals before His Angels saying, ‘What are these people seeking.”

Muslim

So, be sure to stand on the plains of ‘Arafah and make lots of Du’a (supplication), focusing your energy on Allah (SWT), asking Him for forgiveness and blessings for you and your family. Don’t forget to include your friends, relatives, neighbours as well as the wider Ummah (community) in your Du’a on this special day.

Arrive in Muzdalifah

After sunset, you’ll depart ‘Arafah and head to Muzdalifah – an open plain between Mina and ‘Arafah. Once you reach Muzdalifah you’ll perform your Maghrib and ‘Isha Salah, one after the other, shortening the ‘Isha Salah to two Rakat.

As Abdullah ibn Umar (RA) narrates:

“The Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) offered the Maghrib and ‘Isha prayers together at Muzdalifah with a separate Iqamah (second call to prayer) for each of them and did not offer any optional prayer in between them or after each of them.”

Sahih Bukhari

Afterwards, you can then spend the night in worship or resting. The Prophet (ﷺ) went to sleep until shortly before Fajr, choosing not to engage in night worship as he normally did. So, follow the Sunnah. Don’t be tempted to exhaust yourself but rest instead. You have a long day ahead of you!

While in Muzdalifah, you may also collect pebbles to perform Rami (the stoning of the devil) over the next three days. You can collect the pebbles from anywhere in Mina.

The size of the pebbles should be similar to the size of date stones/seeds. You will need a total of 49 pebbles. However, it is better to pick up 21 more pebbles as a precautionary measure. When you proceed to the phases of throwing the pebbles at the Jamarat (the stone pillars), you may miss the target, or some pebbles may fall from your hand. Therefore, it is better to have more than to be short.

Tip: At Muzdalifah, you will stay under the night sky. There are no tents or other accommodation facilities here. Although there are plenty of lights, it is still fairly dark. Try to stay near your group. It’s very easy to get lost among the thousands of pilgrims.

Toilets and Wudhu facilities are also available in Muzdalifah. We highly recommend you use the toilets and freshen up before you leave ‘Arafah. However, they will also likely be crowded so remember to be patient.

Rami and Hady (Day 3/10th Dhul Hijjah & start of Eid al-Adha)

The 10th of Dhul Hijjah is also called the Yawm al-Nahr, or the Day of Sacrifice (Qurbani).

After performing Fajr Salah you will depart Muzdalifah and go back towards Mina. Remember to continuously recite the Talbiyah.

On this day, Pilgrims perform the Hady (sacrificial animal) and also commence the first of three days “stoning of the devil” rite or Rami. Muslims around the world also offer Qurban (Qurbani or Udhiyah) during this time and begin the four-day festival of Eid al-Adha. We know this from this verse in the Qur’an:

“And when you are safe, then, whoever avails the advantage of the ‘Umrah along with the Hajj shall make an offering of whatever animal is available. However, any one who finds none shall fast for three days during Hajj, and for seven days when you return; thus they are ten in all. This is for him whose family folk are not residents of Al-Masjid-ul-Harām.”

Qur’an 2:196

Origin Of Rami (The Stoning Of The Devil)

The stoning of the Jamarat (also referred to as the ‘stoning of the devil’) is a ritual carried out by Hajj pilgrims whereby pebbles are thrown at three stone structures in Mina across three days.

The act of throwing stones at the Jamarat is known as Rami. The ritual of Rami is symbolic of the actions of Ibrahim (AS) when he was faced with the trial of having to sacrifice his son, Isma’il (AS) upon the commandment of Allah (SWT).

On the way to carry out the commandment, Iblis (Satan) repeatedly tried to tempt Ibrahim (AS) into disobeying Allah (SWT). As Ibrahim (AS) reached Jamarat al-Aqaba, Allah (SWT) ordered Angel Jibreel (AS) to instruct Ibrahim (AS) to throw seven stones at Iblis. He obliged, and Iblis fled immediately. The three Jamarat indicate the three places where Iblis tried to dissuade Ibrahim (AS) from obeying the command of Allah. However, the pillars do not contain Iblis, as many people are wrongly led to believe.

How To Perform The Rami (The Stoning Of The Devil)

On the 10th, 11th, and 12th day of Dhul Hijjah, you will perform Rami (the stoning of the devil). The size of the pebbles should be similar to the size of date stones or seeds. You will need a total of 49 pebbles.

You’ll need a certain number of pebbles for each of the three days. The breakdown is as follows:

• 7 pebbles for the 10th of Dhul Hijjah
• 21 pebbles for the 11th of Dhul Hijjah
• 21 pebbles for the 12th of Dhul Hijjah

Try to carry four small pouches per person for your pebbles. Coin bags are a good size and convenient to carry. Use the four pouches to group pebbles according to the breakdown above.

Once you reach the Jamarat, you will head to Jamarat al-Aqaba, the largest pillar. Here, you will throw the first seven pebbles at the concrete pillar. You will only pelt this one pillar on the first day.

Upon each throw, you’ll say the Takbir:

Allāhu ‘Akbar

اللهُ أَكْبَرُ

Allah is Greater

Tip: Don’t rush to perform the Rami. The Hajj authority will most likely allocate a set time for your group to go and perform Rami. They do this to minimise overcrowding and the risk to pilgrims.

Try not to get angry and throw your sandals or other valuable possessions at the pillars. Iblis is not contained within the pillar, so you’ll only lose your valuables and there is no benefit in doing so!

Qurbani and Eid al-Adha

The festival of Eid al-Adha, or the Feast of Sacrifice, is also celebrated by Muslims around the world not performing Hajj on the 10th Dhul Hijjah. By offering Qurbani (sacrifice), Muslims commemorate Prophet Ibrahim’s (AS) willingness to sacrifice his son Isma’il (AS) upon the commandment of Allah (SWT).

Shaving The Head (Day 4/11th Dhul Hijjah)

After offering the Hady, male pilgrims will shave or trim their hair, as the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) did. For women, they will trim their hair by the length of a fingertip.

Now you are allowed to leave the state of Ihram and wear comfortable clothing. You are also allowed to resume otherwise Halal activities forbidden during the state of Ihram, except for sexual intimacy. It is Sunnah to apply perfume as the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) smelt strongly of musk at this point.

Tip: Use disposable blades to shave each other’s head within your group. If that’s not possible, a number of barbers in Mina will shave your head for a price. Ensure that the barbers use new blades to avoid infection.

Tawaf al-Ifadha and Saai’ (Day 5/12th Dhul Hijjah)

You will now go to Makkah to perform Tawaf al-Ifadha and then another circuit of Sa’i as part of your Hajj rituals.

Tawaf al-Ifada and Sa’i are obligatory. You must perform the tawaf al-Ifadha and the Sa’i after the Rami, the Qurbani (sacrifice) and shaving (or trimming) of the head.

With the completion of the Tawaf and Sa’i, you are then allowed to relax and do everything that was lawful before entering the Ihram, including engaging in marital relations.

You will, however, return to your tents in Mina and continue with the remaining rituals of Hajj.

Tip: The Tawaf area will be extremely crowded during this time. Try to use the upper levels of the Haram or the roof. You might want to do this around midnight when it tends to be quieter.

The Second Day of Rami

On the 11th Dhul Hijjah, you will proceed to your second day of Rami (the stoning of the devil).

On this occasion, you pelt each of the three pillars in order. You will begin with Jamarah al-Ula (the small pillar), then Jamarah al-Wusta (the second/middle pillar) and finally, Jamarah al-Aqaba (the third/large pillar). You stop after the first and second Jamarat to make Du’a facing the qibla. Each one should be stoned with seven consecutive pebbles accompanied by the Takbir. Remember to take your spare pebbles with you in case you lose some!

Spend the night in Mina

Once your second Rami is completed, you will return to your camp in Mina and spend the rest of the day and night in worship, making the most of the remaining time you have.

The Third Day of Rami

On the afternoon of the 12th Dhul Hijjah, you’ll have your final batch of pebbles (21 pebbles) ready to repeat the same steps as the previous day.

Tawaf al-Wida (The Farewell Tawaf)

You now have only one step left to perform before completing Hajj. This is the farewell Tawaf – the last rite Muslims must perform.

This Tawaf is Wajib (obligatory) according to Hanafis, Shafi’is and Hanbalis but Sunnah according to Malikis. It must be performed before leaving the boundaries of the Haram. Omitting this Tawaf, without a valid reason, is not deemed lawful in Islam.

Ibn Abbas (RA) narrated:

“The people were ordered to perform the Tawaf al-Wida as the last thing before leaving (Makkah), except the menstruating women who were excused. “

Bukhari

For this Tawaf, you will complete seven laps of Tawaf. Then perform two Rakat of Salah and drink Zam Zam water. There is no Sa’i or shaving/trimming of the head after this Tawaf.

Hajj Mabrook! You’ve now completed your Hajj!

For those of us who are unable to travel and perform Hajj this year, don’t despair! The best ten days of the year are the 1st to the 10th of Dhul Hijjah.

These days are a second chance to earn the mercy and forgiveness of Allah (SWT) after Ramadan. We should use this blessed time to do more good deeds. These can be giving charity, connecting with the Qur’an, helping out within the community and more. It is also important to enhance our obligatory acts of worship by being mindful of our prayers and ensuring we pay our Zakat on time.

Our Prophet (ﷺ) also said:

There are no days that are greater before Allah or in which good deeds are more beloved to Him, than these ten days, so recite a great deal of Tahleel (saying of la illaaha illa Allah), Takbeer (saying of Allahu Akbar) and Tahmeed (Alhamdulillah) during them.

Ahmad

Thus, the first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah is an ideal time to make du’a for Allah (SWT) and remember Him as much as we can. It’s also highly recommended for us to fast during these ten, especially on the day of ‘Arafah, as “it will expiate the sins of the previous and upcoming years.” (Sahih Muslim).

Qurban (Qurbani, Udhiyah on Eid Al-Adha for non-travellers is Sunnah muakkadah (confirmed Sunnah) according to most scholars and Waajib (a religious duty) according to the Hanafis. If you can afford to offer the sacrifice, then you are encouraged to do so. This would be in remembrance of the struggle and dedication of Prophet Ibrahim (AS) to Allah (SWT). It also supports a struggling family, as a third of the sacrifice goes to the needy.

Regardless of whether or not you’ve been able to attend Hajj, the month of Dhul Hijjah holds countless blessings for Muslims around the world! So let us make the most of these best 10 days of Dhul Hijjah, and seek to achieve a similar reward as those going to Hajj during this most blessed time!

Dhul Hijjah marks the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar. It holds immense significance for Muslims worldwide, especially in the first ten days, when Hajj and Eid Al-Adha (as well as the sacred act of Qurban) take place.

This year, the first day of Dhul Hijjah is expected to begin on Monday, May 18, 2026, depending on the sighting of the moon. But why exactly are the first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah and their events so special?

In this article, we learn about the month’s transformative and spiritual experiences. This includes the profound meaning behind the rituals of Hajj and Eid al-Adha (festival of sacrifice).

The Significance of the First 10 Days of Dhul Hijjah

Similar to the Holy month of Ramadan, the first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah are an extremely blessed time. After Ramadan, we often miss the spiritual high we felt and wish we could’ve done more. But these blessed ten days offer us another chance to gain immense rewards. To have our sins forgiven and reach great levels of piety, Insha’Allah.

Benefits of the first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah

In one particular hadith, the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) specifically highlights the first 10 days of Dhul Hijjah as better than all the other days of the year. Even better than the days of Ramadan, SubhanAllah!

He (peace and blessings be upon him) said:

“There are no days on which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days”

Sahih Bukhari

In the Qur’an, Allah (SWT) also swears by these first ten days. In Surah Al-Fajr, He states:

“By the dawn; And [by] the ten nights.”

Quran 89:1-2

According to many scholars, these days are the first 10 days of Dhul-Hijjah.

What Happens on the First 10 Days of Dhul Hijjah?

In addition to being the best days to do good deeds, we witness two very special events in Dhul Hijjah: Hajj and Eid al-Adha.

Hajj

Hajj is the fifth and final pillar of Islam. It is a staple of Islamic belief, alongside the Shahada (the belief that there is no god but Allah (SWT) and Muhammad (ﷺ) is His Messenger), Salah (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving) and Sawm (fasting).

Hajj is the pilgrimage Muslims make to Makkah in Saudi Arabia. It takes place from the 8th to the 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah each Islamic year. The pilgrimage is obligatory for all able-bodied and financially capable Muslims to perform at least once in their lifetime.

This year, Hajj is expected to take place between the evening of Sunday, May 24, 2026, and Friday, May 29, 2026.

On the 9th of Dhul Hijjah, the blessed Day of Arafah (also Arafat) occurs. The Day of Arafah 2025 is expected to fall on the evening of Monday, May 25, 2026.

Considered the most blessed day of the year, Arafah was the day when Allah (SWT) perfected Islam. The day He completed His favours upon His beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and approved Islam as a way of life.

This day I have perfected for you your religion and completed My favour upon you and have approved for you Islam as religion.

Quran 5:3

On this day, pilgrims performing Hajj gather on the plain of Arafat, seeking forgiveness, supplicating to Allah and engaging in profound acts of worship.

Eid al-Adha

Eid al Adha (or Eid ul Adha), similar to Eid al Fitr (or Eid ul Fitr), is a joyous day Muslims celebrate with family and community. However, in addition to the rituals of Eid, Muslims, who are able to, also give Qurban on Eid Al-Adha.

Qurban (also known as Qurbani or Udhiyah) is an act of worship that involves the sacrifice of an animal, usually a sheep, goat, cow or camel, for the sake of Allah (SWT). The origins of this act of worship come from the story of Prophet Ibrahim (AS) and his willingness to sacrifice his son, Ismail (AS), as a demonstration of his faith, obedience, and trust in Allah (SWT).

What Else Can We Do on the First 10 Days of Dhul Hijjah?

Even for those of us not performing the Hajj pilgrimage this year, Dhul Hijjah is still a great time of blessing and immense reward.

Wherever we can, we should engage in good deeds such as giving charity, performing acts of kindness to family and community, fasting and remembrance of Allah (SWT)

Fasting

Fasting is especially encouraged during these first 10 days. The Prophet (ﷺ) used to fast on the first nine days of Dhul-Hijjah as one of his regular fasts.

He especially emphasised the importance of fasting on the 9th day, the Day of Arafah.

Fasting the day of `Arafah expiates the sins of two years: the past one and the coming one.

Sahih Muslim

Making Dhikr

Our Prophet (ﷺ) also said:

“There are no days that are greater before Allah or in which good deeds are more beloved to Him, than these ten days, so recite a great deal of tahleel, takbeer and tahmeed during them.”

Ahmad

When are the 10 days of Dhul Hijjah?

This year, the first day of Dhu al-Hijjah 1445 AH will fall on Monday, May 18, 2026, depending on the sighting of the moon. In turn, the day of Eid al-Adha is expected to fall on Wednesday, May 27, 2026.

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Every Eid al-Adha, Islamic Relief is at the forefront of distributing Qurban. This year, we strive to deliver nutritious, high-quality meat to the world’s most vulnerable and disadvantaged communities. For many, this is the only time they will be able to eat meat in the entire year.

In over 30 countries worldwide, your Qurban donation will not only bring happiness to the less fortunate but also empower vulnerable communities. To ensure they can enjoy Eid without worrying about how and what they will feed their families.

Donate during this blessed time and increase your rewards. Help enable families and entire communities to have a happy Eid al-Adha and beyond.

Hajj is the sacred pilgrimage Muslims perform at the holy mosque of Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. It takes place during Dhul Hijjah, which is the twelfth and final month in the Islamic (Hijri) Calendar.

The Hajj begins on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah. It then ends on the 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah, depending on the sighting of the moon. In 2026, this period is expected to run from the evening of Sunday, May 24, 2026, to Friday, May 29, 2026.

What is Hajj?

Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam, alongside Shahada (profession of faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving) and Sawm (fasting).

As such, undertaking Hajj holds great importance in Islam. It is a spiritual duty. Every Muslim is required to perform it at least once in their lifetime, so long as they have the means. This includes being not only financially able, but also physically and emotionally.

The Significance of Hajj 

In the Holy Qur’an, Allah (SWT) commands Muslims to take this sacred journey: 

You will enter the Sacred Masjid, God willing, perfectly secure, and you will cut your hair or shorten it (as you fulfil the pilgrimage rituals) there. You will not have any fear. Since He knew what you did not know, He has coupled this with an immediate victory.

Qur’an 48:27 

Hajj also occurs in Dhul Hijjah during its first ten days, one of the most sacred periods of the entire Islamic calendar.  

As such, performing the pilgrimage offers Muslims the opportunity to refresh their spiritual selves. To cleanse themselves of their sins and draw closer to Allah (SWT). 

How Long Does Hajj Last? 

The pilgrimage is performed over five to six days, from the 8th to the 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah. The Day of Arafah (9^th Dhul Hijjah) and Eid Al-Adha (10^th Dhul Hijjah) also fall between these days.  

The pilgrimage includes a series of rites and rituals, some of which must be performed in order. It can be physically demanding, as pilgrims are required to travel between locations throughout. On average, one can expect to walk between 5km and 15km per day.  

Performing Hajj is a test of patience and temperament. It is a spiritual, emotional, and physical challenge and can take some preparation. That is why, for many, it is often a once-in-a-lifetime event. 

When Does Hajj Occur?

Hajj takes place between the 8th and the 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah each Islamic year, depending on the sighting of the moon.

Dates in the Islamic calendar appear to shift forward approximately 11-12 days as it corresponds to the Gregorian calendar, as the Islamic Calendar operates on the lunar cycle.

This year, the Hajj period is expected to fall between Sunday, May 24, 2026, and Friday, May 29, 2026.

While Muslims are only required to perform Hajj at least once in their lifetimes, it can be performed multiple times, so long as they fall within the set dates. You can also perform Umrah, a voluntary pilgrimage to Makkah taken at any time of the year.

Where Does Hajj Take Place?

Hajj is performed in Makkah (also referred to as Mecca) in Saudi Arabia. The pilgrimage consists of a series of rites and rituals across five to six days and is performed across several locations within the vicinity of Makkah.

These locations include:

• The city of Makkah
• The tent settlement of Mina
• Mount ‘Arafah
• Muzdalifah

Who Is Excluded from Hajj? 

It is required of every Muslim to perform Hajj at least once in their lifetime. However, the Hajj is not intended as a burden upon Muslims. Muslims are only required to perform Hajj so long as it is within their capacity. 

Those who are exempt from Hajj are the following: 

• Children. While they may go to Hajj, only Muslim adults (male or female) are required to perform Hajj. 
• Very weak, sick, elderly, or otherwise physically incapable Muslims. 
• Muslims who are financially unable to perform Hajj. However, if one is in debt, they may still perform Hajj if the person they owe money to permits it, they have time to pay off the debt, and Hajj does not affect their ability to pay it.  

Brief History of Hajj 

In 628 CE, the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and the early Muslims embarked on the first Islamic Pilgrimage (Hajj), re-establishing the traditions started by the Prophet Ibrahim (AS), who first began the tradition of Hajj millennia before. 

The Story of Hajar (AS) and Ismail (AS)  

The story of Hajj begins with Prophet Ibrahim (AS) receiving a commandment from Allah (SWT). Allah (SWT) orders Prophet Ibrahim (AS) to travel to the barren desert of Makkah and leave his wife Hajar and infant son Ismail (AS). Despite the trials ahead, the family trusted in the Divine Wisdom of Allah (SWT) and set out to follow His commandment.

While in the desert, Hajar (AS) and Ismail (AS) quickly ran out of resources. In a desperate effort to find water, Hajar (AS) ran between the two neighbouring hills of Safa and Marwa in search of someone who could help or nearby water. She did this seven times, only to return to a crying Ismail (AS) empty-handed. 

As the infant Ismail (AS) cried, he struck the ground with his leg, and a stream of water burst forth at the command of Allah (SWT). This stream of water relieved the mother and son of their thirst and became a resource with which they traded for provisions of all kinds with travelling merchants. This stream of water is known today as the Well of Zam Zam. 

Years later, Allah (SWT) commanded Ibrahim (AS) to return to his family, where he found the miracle of his family alive and indeed thriving. A barren desert that had started with only Hajar and Ismail (AS) was now transforming into a thriving settlement that would become known as Makkah. 

Allah (SWT) then instructed Ibrahim (AS) to mark the space for a stone structure. This would be known as the Kaaba, which Ibrahim (AS) built with his son Ismail (AS).  

The Significance of the Kaaba and Masjid al-Haram

The space surrounding the Kaaba was created for worshippers of the one God to gather. In fact, the Kaaba simply marks the spot where Muslims unite. It is not something that is worshipped, as idolatry is prohibited in Islam. 

Over time, the Kaaba would be taken over by pagan Arabs, who filled it with idols. However, thousands of years later, when the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was given revelation and the final message of Tawheed (monotheism), he was instructed to reinstate Ibrahim’s (AS) sacred tradition – the sacred pilgrimage we know as Hajj today. 

Frequently Asked Questions 

• What does Hajj mean?

  The word Hajj, in Arabic, means ‘to intend a journey’. 

• How many days is Hajj?

  The pilgrimage is performed over five to six days, from the 8th to the 12th or 13th of Dhul Hijjah. The Day of Arafah (9^th Dhul Hijjah) and Eid Al-Adha (10^th Dhul Hijjah) also fall between these days. 

• Who is excused from Hajj?

  Those excused from Hajj are children (however, they can accompany their parents) the very weak, sick, elderly, or otherwise physically incapable and those who would be financially burdened if they make the pilgrimage.

Each year, millions of Muslims from around the world travel to Makkah during the Islamic month of Dhul Hijjah to perform the sacred pilgrimage of Hajj.

As one of the five pillars of Islam, it is a spiritual duty for every adult Muslim to perform Hajj at least once in their lifetime, so long as they are physically, emotionally, and financially able.

Hajj starts on the 8th of Dhul Hijjah and lasts five to six days, depending on the moon. This year, Hajj 2026/1447 is expected to take place between Sunday, May 24, 2026, and Friday, May 29, 2026.

Next year, in 2027/1448, it is expected to take place between Friday, May 14, 2027, and Wednesday, May 19, 2027.

How Do Muslims Prepare for Hajj?  

Many Muslims start planning for Hajj at least a year before they travel. As there’s a lot of specifics to the pilgrimage that need working out – logistically, spiritually and emotionally.

First and foremost, begin your plans with the intention to perform Hajj for the sake of Allah (SWT). In turn, keep reminding yourself of this intention as you follow through with the preparations, organising your travel arrangements and supplies.

You’ll also need to make sure you meet the requirements to travel to Saudi Arabia specifically for Hajj. This includes applying for a Hajj visa and booking your tours well in advance.

You should also check the expiry date for your passport. Renew it if it expires in less than six months by the time you leave for Hajj.

Packing for Hajj also requires extra thought. Beyond travel essentials, clothing and toiletries (and medication, if needed), consider supplies most appropriate or needed for the pilgrimage’s rituals, especially for Ihram (sacred state). Make sure you have everything you need at least a couple of weeks before you leave.

In turn, check with the Saudi authorities, airline carriers and relevant airports about luggage guidelines and what medication is allowed. The same goes for any other items.

Lastly, let your loved ones know you’re going on Hajj. Seek forgiveness for your wrongdoings and ask them to send any dua they wish for you to make while performing Hajj.

Sound complicated? Not to worry. Here’s an easy-to-follow checklist summarising what you need to check over or bring on your journey of a lifetime.

Hajj Checklist  

Before you start packing…

Prepare your travel essentials

• Check the entry requirements with the Saudi Arabian embassy and make sure you are okay to travel.
• Organise your tours beforehand. Follow up on the reservations and package details you’ve made for Hajj.
• Ensure you have enough local currency and emergency funds (e.g. debit card), as well as AUD for the journey/airport.
• Plan your itinerary for before and after Hajj. This should include transport and hotel stays.
• Check if you need any vaccinations before your trip.

Prepare spiritually

• Seek forgiveness from Allah (SWT) and those you have wronged.
• Make sure your intention for wanting to go to Hajj is sincere.
• Learn the steps and rituals of Hajj long before you travel so you are prepared!

Inform your loved ones

• Tell your friends, family, and workmates about your trip. Leave emergency contact details and information about where you will be staying, in case something goes wrong.
• Arrange with friends, family, or neighbours to check in on your home and see that everything is fine

Packing for Hajj

Paperwork

• Visa (check requirements)
• Passport and any copies
• Passport-size photos
• Money, including cash and card

Baggage Essentials

• Suitcases and carry-on bag
• Labels for your luggage
• Small padlocks and keys

Spiritual supplies

• Clothes for Ihram, including headscarf for women
• Dua list (physical or on phone)
• Travel prayer mat
• Qur’an (small)
• Tawaf counter
• Spare prayer outfit(s)

More Hajj Supplies

• Small bag for items
• Small blanket
• Sleeping bag liner
• Mini pillow

Clothing and shoes

• Flip-flops for the bathroom
• Shoe covers
• Comfortable walking sandals
• Plenty of clean underwear!
• Comfortable day outfits
• Pyjamas/bed clothes

Toiletries

• Toothbrush and toothpaste
• Hairbrush
• Sunscreen (unscented)
• Shower items (soap, shampoo, conditioner, etc. (all unscented)
• Moisturiser (unscented)
• Deodorant (unscented)
• Nail clippers
• Razors and shaving cream
• Sanitary items for women

Everyday Supplies

• Money belt/pouch
• Water bottle (preferably collapsible)
• Snacks (non-perishable)
• Personal alarm for women, in case of danger
• Fan for the hot weather
• Hat for the hot weather
• Sunglasses
• Towel
• Umbrella
• Ear plugs
• Extra collapsible large bags
• Plastic bags (for general use, e.g. storage, rubbish, dirty clothes, etc.)
• Bottle/lota for toilet
• Hand sanitiser (unscented)
• Wet wipes (unscented, flushable)
• Tissues (small packs)
• Travel size washing detergent (unscented)
• Mosquito repellent (pre/post-Hajj)

Medical

• Anti-diarrhoea medication
• Medication for constipation
• Bandages (various sizes)
• Antiseptic cream (unscented)
• Cough drops
• Cold and flu tablets
• Painkillers (e.g. Panadol)
• Any regular medication with prescription
• Any other medication: hay-fever, allergies

Electronics

• Old phone (with international sim card)
• Phone charger (detachable cable and adapter)
• Power banks (and its charger)
• International power adapters
• Camera (if applicable, along with necessary supplies – battery, charger, memory card, etc.)

Please check the airline/airport and Saudi guidelines for entry. Find out the guidelines on importing, purchasing, and exporting medication, liquids, food, and sharp items.

Don’t worry, it may seem like a lot, but you’ll be prepared in no time. Embrace this amazing journey and say alhamdulillah! From everyone at Islamic Relief, wish you all the best on your spiritual journey, insha’Allah!

More Things to Know  

• When should I apply for Hajj?

  Due to the sheer number of pilgrims wishing to attend the Hajj, there have been recent updates to the application process by the Saudi government and it can be a long process – it’s best to start as early as possible! 

  You are now required to submit your application directly through the Saudi authorities’ Nusuk Hajj portal during their open application period. The precise dates are published on the portal in advance so keep an eye out! They also appear to shift forward in the Gregorian Calendar approximately 11-12 days each year, as the application period is based on the Islamic Calendar which runs on the lunar cycle. 

• What do we wear for Hajj?

  There are rules regarding dress for both men and women upon entering the Ihram (sacred state) and performing Hajj. Here’s a handy checklist outlining what you need to wear while in the state of Ihram.  

  Men must wear a shroud consisting of two white seamless sheets or towelling fabric that covers their Awra (private parts). The larger of the sheets ties around the waist and the other sheet goes over one or both shoulders. Men are prohibited from wearing tailored (sewn) clothing, as well as socks, underwear or headwear.  

  Women may wear any colour garment, as long as it covers all parts of the body except for the hands and face. Women are prohibited from covering their hands and face.  

• Where do I find the entry requirements for Saudi Arabia?

  You are encouraged to stay up to date with travel advice to Saudi Arabia. In Australia, you can find all the information you need on Smartraveller. Smartraveller also has a travel advice page dedicated to Hajj.