Author: Nadya Labiba

“People bombed as they pray and aid workers fleeing for their lives.” An Islamic Relief colleague* in Gaza describes the struggle to cling to hope as the death toll rises still further. 

I do not know the number of deaths today. But I am sure the death toll has risen again.

Earlier in this crisis, people talked loudly about the devastation inflicted on Palestine. But, now, those voices are quieter, and only silence greets the growing death toll. 

We Palestinians feel we have been left behind. We feel alone. That our lives are seen as less valuable than others.

We feel exhausted by this brutal war. We have had enough.

As people of faith, we always thank Allah. But we are sincerely praying for an end to this. Everyone has sustained their share of loss, injury, death, and displacement. Nobody can tolerate any more.  

We need an end to this war.  

I know my words reach only a small audience, but I hope you can spread the echo of my cry for help. My plea for everyone in the world to call for an end to the war.

Please, my readers, do what you can to stop this madness.  

Islamic Relief colleagues forced to flee for their lives 

I am writing these words after hearing about a new airstrike in Khan Younis that killed around 100 displaced people. People who had been living in tents after losing their homes, their loved ones, and their livelihoods.

When they were ordered to evacuate their homes, they did. When they were expected to do without proper food, water, and sanitation, they did.

The international community said they would protect them. Yet, they did not.  

This strike comes just a couple of days after an Israeli land operation in Gaza City’s Tal Al Hawa and Al Remal neighbourhoods.

I’d spoken with colleagues in the city to plan media coverage of Islamic Relief’s work there. The team had just settled and started operating again, but in the blink of an eye, they had to run for their lives, not knowing where to go.  

It was difficult to reach my colleagues by phone, but I finally got through. 

“I have to return to my house, despite the destruction,” one colleague told me, describing his efforts to remove rubble from his apartment. “We do not have water. The sewage network is destroyed. There is no electricity. I am trying to make one room suitable to sleep in.” 

He told me that most of the things in his home are damaged, and his clothes have either been stolen or torn by explosives. I heard that his children are trying to find a safe spot to stay the night. I do not think he is okay.

We used to have great times together in his house. His wife made wonderful mahshy. We enjoyed the spicy stuffed vegetables when he invited us for dinner. But now I’m sure they can barely eat.  

How many more bodies until this nightmare ends? 

I ask myself, why is this happening to us? What have we done? We were just trying to live a normal life: I wanted to learn to swim. I planned to lose weight. I liked reading novels – I wonder what happened to the bookshop?

Why must we live in this hell? Is it just because we are Palestinians? What if we were suffering not at Israel’s hands, but another’s? Would the world take the same position? Would the world accept the killing?  

I read that Israel targeted a place of prayer set up by young people next to a ruined mosque in Gaza City. They spread rugs, added Qur’ans, and prayed. 15 of them were killed performing Al Duhr (noon) prayer.  

I have no more words.  

Maimed by sorrow and loss 

We Palestinians are maimed by the sorrow and loss that we endure. How many more deaths do we need to stop this war? How many more beheaded bodies of children and mass graves? What are you doing, my dear world? 

Alhamdulillah, all my Islamic Relief colleagues in Gaza in the south and the north are ok. But who knows for how much longer: at any moment, we could become the next casualties of this crisis.

We go to work every day, leaving our children and our families, risking our lives to help vulnerable people survive. We try our best to help, although the ecosystem around us is barely functioning.  

My young son now wants to come to work with me on a daily basis, because he is afraid to leave my side. Losing a child or another family member is one of my worst fears. I can’t imagine that life. I do not want to think of this. 

My mental health is poor. I do not know what to say anymore; I am not thinking straight.

The scenes that confront me every day are sucking the life from me. If these are my last words to you, please tell the world our story.

Tell of the Palestinians who loved life. Who taught resilience. Who just hoped to live simple, normal lives.  

*This blog is anonymised to protect the safety and security of our colleague and others mentioned. Read the other blogs in this series here. 

Editor’s note: This blog was submitted amid a fast-changing and deepening crisis. The information was correct as of Monday 15 July 2024. 

The 99 Names and Attributes of Allah (SWT) – Al-Asma-ul-Husna ( اَلاسْمَاءُ الْحُسناى )

Why should we know the 99 names of Allah (SWT)? Firstly, the first of the five pillars of Islam is the Shahada. This is the proclamation of belief in Allah (SWT) and His Messenger (ﷺ).

Secondly, as Muslims, we believe in Allah (SWT) according to His beautiful names and attributes. Learning and memorising these 99 names will help us associate these traits with Him. Thus, identifying the correct way to believe in Him.

The 99 Names of Allah (SWT) with Meaning

The Benefits of Learning Allah (SWT)’s Names

There are immense benefits to learning and memorising the beautiful 99 names of Allah, as it brings us closer and strengthens our relationship with the Almighty Allah.

Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:

How to Use Allah (SWT)’s Names in Duas

Knowing Allah (SWT) and His beautiful names is a pathway towards loving Him and to know Him. One of the best ways to learn His names and attributes is by applying them in our duas.

For every need you have, find an attribute of your Lord which suits it. For example, “Yaa Tawwaab (O Acceptor of repentance), accept my repentance.”

Remove the ‘al’ when invoking Allah with any of His 99 names. As such, you would say ‘Yaa Razzaaq’ and not ‘Ya al-Razzaaq,’ for example.

Fasting (Sawm) is an important pillar of Islam. It’s a beloved act of worship, as it shows our gratitude towards Allah (SWT) for the provisions he’s given us.  

Most of us know fasting is mandatory during Ramadan. But did you know there are other times when it’s highly recommended?  

There are additional days in the year when it’s encouraged to fast. An opportunity to gain extra reward for following the Sunnah, the actions and words of our Prophet (ﷺ).  

There are also days when we cannot fast, as it is haram (forbidden) or makruh (extremely disliked) to do so. 

Hence, it’s important to know which days we can fast to prepare for them in advance. 

Days of Fasting Outside of Ramadan 

There are several days in the Islamic Calendar when it’s sunnah (highly recommended) to fast. As the Hijri year follows the moon’s cycle, the dates of these days on the conventional Western calendar change every year.  

Mondays and Thursdays  

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. The reasons for why can be found in several ahadith.  

There are also several health benefits that come with fasting two times a week. These include, but are not limited to, reduced levels of total cholesterol and lowered risk factors for heart disease.  

Six Days in Shawwal  

Shawwal is the 10th Islamic month. It is the month that follows Ramadan, as the first of Shawwal is Eid al-Fitr.

The rewards for fasting six days in Shawwal alongside Ramadan are great – as if one has fasted for the entire year!

These six days can be spread out throughout the month. It also does not have to be consecutive days.  

The only day of Shawwal you are not allowed to fast is Eid al-Fitr. This is because it is forbidden to fast on the days of Eid.  

First 9 Days of Dhul Hijjah, Especially Arafah

Dhul Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic Calendar. The first ten days of the month are extremely blessed, for “there are no days during which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

One of the best deeds to do is to fast. Hence, on the first 9 days (as one cannot fast on Eid Al-Adha) it is recommended for us to fast, alongside doing other good deeds, such as reading Qur’an, making dhikr, giving charity and performing nafl (voluntary) prayers.

Fasting in Dhul Hijjah is also sunnah, as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fast the month’s first nine days. (Sunan Abi Dawud) 

He (ﷺ) especially encouraged it on the Day of Arafah, the 9th of Dhul Hijjah. It is also the most blessed day of the year. This is because fasting on the day of Arafah “will expiate the sins of the previous and upcoming years.” (Sahih Muslim)

However, for those going on Hajj, it is fine for them to leave the sunnah fast of Arafah.

One of the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ), Ibn Umar, noted that, while performing the pilgrimage, the Prophet (ﷺ) did not fast during Arafat.

In turn, some of the closest companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) – Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (may peace be upon them all) – also did not fast on Arafat while on Hajj. (Tirmidhi)  

Hence, fasting on the first 9 days of Dhul Hijjah, especially on Arafah, is a highly recommended act for those not on Hajj.

Ashura (and the Day Before or After it)  

Ashura occurs on the 10th of Muharram, the first Islamic month. It is a blessed day that commemorates several significant events in Islamic history.  

The origins of fasting on Ashura have been documented in this hadith collected by Al-Bukhari and Muslim and reported by Ibn ‘Abbas (RA). The narration goes as follows:  

The Prophet (ﷺ) observed the Jewish people fasting on this day and asked why they did so. The Jews replied that this was the day Allah (SWT) granted victory to Musa (AS) and Bani Isra’il over Fir’aun (Pharaoh). Thus, they fasted on this day out of respect.  

The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, “We are closer to Musa (AS) than you,” and enjoined in fasting on that day.  

There are also great blessings for fasting on Ashura. When asked about fasting on the 10th of Muharram, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “It will expiate the sins of the past year.” (Sahih Muslim)

It is also recommended to fast the day before Ashura (9th Muharram). Ibn ‘Abbas (RA) reported:

Thus, to differentiate Muslims from other religions (who also celebrated this day), the Prophet (ﷺ) instructed us to fast on the 9th and 10th of Muharram.   

If one fears they may miss Ashura because of the difference in moon sighting, then scholars also permit fasting on the 10th and 11th of Muharram.   

Most of Sha’ban  

As the 8th Islamic month, Sha’ban is the month before Ramadan. The Prophet fasted for the majority of this month, with accounts of it recorded in several ahadith. This includes a hadith where ‘Aisha (RA) said:

In another hadith, ‘Aisha (RA) also said, “The most beloved month to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for fasting was Sha’ban, then he would connect it with Ramadan.” (Sunan Abi Dawud)

Exceptions to Fasting in Sha’ban 

In a hadith collected by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, ‘Aisha (RA) also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) observed fasting during the whole month of Sha’ban except for a few days. 

Abu Hurayrah (RA) similarly mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

Abu Hurayrah (RA) also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said to not fast if Sha’ban is half over. (Tirmidhi)  

The exception to this would be someone who fasted regularly, such as the Prophet (ﷺ) and many of his companions. Thus, if you are someone who regularly observes the sunnah fast, then you may still observe them in the second half of Sha’ban.  

It is also permissible to make up a Ramadan fast at this time, if necessary. ‘Aisha (RA), one of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ), herself would make up her fast in Sha’ban. Regarding this, she said, “I had to make up some fasts I missed during the month of Ramadan, but I was unable to do so until the month of Sha’ban as I was busy with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).” (Bukhari and Muslim)

The White Days  

The white days are the 13th, 14th and 15th of each Islamic month. They are called White Days (Ayam al Beedh) as the moon is most lit on these nights.  

Qatadah Ibn Malhan al-Qaysi said that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to command them to fast the days of the White (nights). He (ﷺ) said that to fast these days “is like keeping perpetual fast.” (Sunan Abi Dawud)

In another hadith, Jarir bin ‘Abdullah recalled that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:

Are There Days Muslims Cannot Fast? 

Generally, most days of the year should be okay for you to fast. The exceptions are the two days of Eid and the days of Tashreeq. It is also severely disliked for one to fast on Fridays, Saturdays and towards the end of Sha’ban unless it falls on a day they regularly fast.  

Days of Celebration 

As mentioned before, it is forbidden to fast on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. These Islamic celebrations have been designated for us to enjoy and feast with loved ones. 

Similarly, it is also forbidden to fast on the days of Tashreeq, three days after Eid al-Adha. This is because these are “days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah.” (Sahih Muslim) 

However, there is an exception. In one hadith, ‘Aisha (RA) and Ibn ‘Umar (RA) reported:

Hence, those on Hajj who are unable to perform the sacrifice for Eid Al-Adha are permitted to fast on the days of Tashreeq.  

Fridays and Saturdays 

It is severely disliked to fast on Friday alone. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “No one of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts (a day) before it or after it.” (Sahih Al Bukhari)  

This is because Friday (called Jumuah or Jummah in Arabic) is a dedicated day of worship. As fasting can make one easily tired, it may prevent them from making the most of Jumuah.  

Similarly, it is also discouraged to fast on a Saturday. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:

Fasting on Saturday may also cause one to resemble the practice of the Jewish people, as they observe Saturday as a day of rest.  Another reason why the Prophet (ﷺ) advised against it unless fasting was necessary.

Exceptions to Avoiding Fasting on Friday or Saturday 

Obviously, one must fast on Friday and Saturday if it falls in the month of Ramadan. It is also permissible to fast on these days if it happens to fall on a day when it is sunnah to fast, such as Arafah, Ashura or one of the White Days. 

You may also make up a fast from Ramadan on Friday or Saturday if this is the only time you can fast. But it is better to combine it with another day if you can.  

Differences between Voluntary Fasting and Fasting in Ramadan

The rulings on what breaks a fast outside of Ramadan and during Ramadan are the same. However, there are two key differences. 

When to Make the Intention  

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever does not have the intention to fast before dawn, there is no fasting for him.” 

According to At-Tirmidhi, the hadith specifically refers to fasting in Ramadan. The fast is invalid if the intention is not made before sunrise in Ramadan. This also extends to when one is making up a Ramadan fast or fasting for a vow.  

However, for voluntary fasting, it is permissible to make an intention after morning, in the opinion of Al-Shafi’i, Ahmad, and Ishaq. 

Leaving the Fast 

During Ramadan, you must remain fasting from dawn to dusk. Even if you have a valid excuse to break it, you must make up the full day you missed outside of Ramadan. Or, if you are unable to fast, pay compensation (fidyah) for it.  

However, for a voluntary fast, you can break the fast if you wish without sin. As it is voluntary, you don’t need to make up the fast later or pay compensation if you miss it.  

There was a time when the Prophet (ﷺ) received an invitation to a feast (outside of Ramadan) but one of the companions was fasting. The Prophet (ﷺ) then requested,

May Your Sunnah Fasting Be Accepted by Allah (SWT) 

All in all, there are several specific voluntary fasts recommended for Muslims to do outside of Ramadan. These are:  

• Mondays and Thursdays 
• Six days in Shawwal (except Eid Al-Fitr) 
• First 9 days of Dhul Hijjah (especially the 9th, Arafah) 
• Ashura (10th Muharram) – if possible, combined with either the 9th or 11th Muharram 
• Most of Shaban 
• The White Days (13th, 14th and 15th of each Islamic month)

If we can fast continually during Ramadan, then we already have the mental mindset to fast some or even all these voluntary days.  

In this new Hijri year, let us make the intention to perform as many of these fast as possible! May Allah (SWT) grant us the strength to observe these days and accept our fasts, ameen! 

Muharram is the first month of the Islamic calendar. It marks the start of the Islamic New Year.  

Beyond being the start of another Hijri year, Muharram is also a sacred month. One with great opportunities to increase our rewards. So how do we make the most of it?  

What is Muharram? 

In Arabic, “Muharram” means “forbidden”. This refers to it being one of the four sacred months in which warfare is forbidden. In Surah At-Tawbah, it says:  

The four months are mentioned by name in this hadith, where the Prophet (ﷺ) said:  

As such, in these months, Muslims are encouraged to engage in increased worship, for the rewards for good deeds are multiplied.

When is Muharram 2024? 

Muharram is the first month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar. Based on a lunar cycle, the sighting of a new moon determines the start of a new Islamic month. 

In 2024, Muharram begins on Sunday, 7th July 2024, depending on the sighting of the moon.  

Key dates in Muharram 

There are 12 months in the Islamic calendar, but we tend to know more about some months than we do about others.  

While everybody knows that we fast in Ramadan and about the sacrifice of Dhul Hijjah, Muharram is a bit less well-known.  

However, its religious and historical significance is extensive, as many important events have occurred in this month.  

1st Muharram 

The 1st Muharram marks the beginning of the new Islamic Year. This lunar calendar (also called the Hijri calendar) starts from the hijrah (emigration) of the Muslims to Medina and the establishment of the first Islamic state in 622CE. 

There are no prescribed acts of worship for Muslims to observe on the 1st of Muharram. However, as the beginning of a sacred month, Muslims may use it as a time to renew their intentions to do good for the year ahead.  

It can also be a day to reflect on the journey and struggle of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and his Sahabah (companions), and other Prophets throughout history as several significant historical events occurred during this month.  

The Day of Ashura 

The Day of Ashura falls on the 10th of Muharram. It is one of the most virtuous days of the Islamic year.  

One of the reasons for its significance is the many events in Islamic history that take place on this day.  

The Battle of Karbala 

The battle of Karbala (680CE/61 AH) that occurred on Ashura marks a conflict of many great tragedies.  

It was fought between a small army of the supporters and family of the Prophet (ﷺ) and the army of Yazid, the Umayyad Caliph who had a significantly larger army. There, the martyrdom of Husayn (AS) (also referred to as Imam Hussain ibn Ali), one of the Prophet (ﷺ)’s grandsons, took place.  

In a hadith, the Prophet (ﷺ) once said:   

Many of Prophet (ﷺ)’s family members and companions were also martyred during the battle. In their martyrdom, we reflect on these tragedies and their struggles in striving for the cause of God.

The Prophets (AS) and Ashura 

The Day of Ashura also commemorates when Allah (SWT) freed the Prophet Musa (AS) and his people (Bani Isra’il) from the Pharaoh (Fir’aun) and his army.  

Some narrations also mention significant events from other Prophets (may peace be upon them all).  

On this day, Allah (SWT) returned Prophet Nuh (AS)’s arc to dry land after the flooding stopped.  

For Prophet Adam (AS), it was the day he repented and was forgiven by Allah (SWT) after eating the forbidden fruit.  

While, for Prophet Yunus (AS), it was the day Allah (SWT) released him from the belly of the whale and forgave his people. 

As such, the Day of Ashura is a great day for reflection and increasing in good deeds – and one we should not miss out on! 

What should we do in Muharram? 

Muslims commemorate Muharram as one of the four sacred months. It also holds the title of ‘the month of Allah’, (shahr Allah al-Muharram شَهْرُ اللَّهِ الْمُحَرَّمُ) making it one of the most blessed months in the Islamic calendar. (Muslim) 

Therefore, it is a good time for Muslims to engage in acts of worship. This includes reflecting, giving Sadaqah, increasing nafl (voluntary) prayers, reciting Qur’an, and fasting.

Fasting during Muharram 

Muharram is one of the best Islamic months to fast in. Many ahadith report about the importance of fasting in Muharram, especially on the Day of Ashura.  

Fasting on 9th Muharram 

The Prophet also recommended his people to fast on the day before Ashura (9th Muharram). This is due to the Hadith: 

Thus, the Prophet (ﷺ) wanted Muslims to also fast on the 9^th to differ from the People of the Book. If one misses the 9th, one can fast on the 10th and 11th of Muharram. However, it is also okay to only fast on the 10th, if one is unable to also fast the day after or before it.  

Build a Muharram Action Plan

The sacred months offer us the opportunity to seek the mercy and favour of Allah (SWT). Thus, there is an opportunity to gain more rewards every day.  

There are many simple virtues we can do to take advantage of the benefits of Muharram. This month, try to…

• Fast: Keep a fast on the 9th and 10th Muharram (the Day of Ashura), or on the 10th and 11th Muharram. Fasting expiates sins. 
• Reflect: If you are unable to fast, reading the Qur’an or doing Dhikr can help you to feel the blessings of Muharram. Remember, any gathering for the sake of Allah SWT will also be filled with barakah and the Angels will join you.
• Give: Muharram marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year, so it’s the perfect time to make resolutions and establish good habits like giving regular Sadaqah (charity), so that you can gain blessings all year round.

With Muharram comes the beginning of the new Islamic year, 1446 AH. Along with being the first month of the Hijri calendar, it is also one of the four sacred months of Allah (SWT).  

As a sacred month, the rewards of doing good deeds in Muharram are substantial. It is a time that gives us a great opportunity to reflect on the past year and renew our intentions. While also seeking Allah (SWT)’s blessings for the coming year.  

One of the best ways to ask Allah (SWT) for guidance and support is through heartfelt du’a, for, as the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said, “du’a is the essence of worship.” (Tirmidhi) 

There are many du’as you can make to Allah (SWT), from asking for good health to seeking forgiveness. To help you get started, we’ve prepared a list of 5 important du’as you can learn for the Islamic New Year. 

Du’a for a New Month 

‘Abdullah ibn Hisham (RA) reported that the Sahabah (companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) would learn the following Du’a for upon the start of a new month or new year:  

This du’a is a general prayer for the arrival of the new month or year. One we should say if we wish for the incoming season to be filled with success and spiritual growth. 

Du’a for Seeking Forgiveness 

If you’ve been meaning to make a fresh start, use the Islamic New Year as one! Take this time as a chance to reflect on past actions. To seek forgiveness from Allah (SWT) and make it a regular habit moving forward.  

This du’a, in particular, is one to use if you want to start the new year with a clean slate. It’s a supplication that acknowledges our imperfections and seeks Allah SWT’s forgiveness in the best way. For the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “The most superior way of asking for forgiveness from Allah SWT is: 

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ ), he the same hadith, also said, “If somebody recites this invocation during the night, and if he should die then, he will go to Paradise (or he will be from the people of Paradise). And if he recites it in the morning, and if he should die on the same day, he will have the same fate.”  

Du’a for a Sound Heart and Beneficial Knowledge 

Seeking knowledge is highly encouraged in Islam. So is Tazkiyah, which is the highest level of Ihsan (excellence). It purifies our hearts and brings us closer to the One who created us and all knowledge. So, what better way to seek knowledge than to ask Allah (SWT)’s help in attaining it and a sound heart?  

Abu Hurairah (RA) said, “One of the supplications that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to say was:  

Du’a for Comprehensive Security  

When we need to ask Allah (SWT) for security against any distress, grief, hardship, harm, trials and tribulations, all of that and much more is included in this short, but powerful dua. 

This du’a draws from a hadith recorded by Al-Bukhari, where Anas ibn Malik (RA) narrated, 

“A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: ‘O Messenger of Allāh, which supplication is the best?’  

He (ﷺ) said: ‘Ask Your Lord for pardon and well-being in this world and the Hereafter’.  

Then he came to him the next day and said: ‘O Prophet of Allāh, which supplication is the best?’  

He (ﷺ) said: ‘Ask Your Lord for pardon (afwa) and well-being (aafiyah) in this world and the Hereafter, for if you are granted well-being in this life and in the Hereafter, then you have indeed succeeded.” 

What is Afiyah? 

Afiyah means having complete protection from afflictions, good health, forgiveness of Allah (SWT) and means to provide for you and your family.  

Basically, Afiyah encompasses every form of security you can think of. This includes both for the Dunya and Akhirah. Hence, why the Prophet (ﷺ) told us to wish for ‘afiyah in our du’as.  

Du’a for Anxiety and Sorrow 

Du’a is a powerful tool for seeking solace and relief in difficult times. It is a heartfelt conversation with our Creator, where we express our deepest concerns and seek comfort and guidance.  

Start of the Islamic New Year Well with Du’a

Making du’a is a reminder for us that we are not alone in our struggles. In this time when many of us worry if we’re doing enough for our brothers and sisters suffering around the world, making du’a can help bring you a sense of ease.  

For it’s by asking Allah (SWT) for guidance on how to support our ummah struggling in Gaza, Sudan and all over the world that we can find strength and hope.  

As we embark on the Islamic New Year, making heartfelt du’as can bring us closer to Allah (SWT). Let use this time moving forward to seek His (SWT) guidance, forgiveness, and blessings. To express our dependence on Him (SWT) and renew our intentions to improve ourselves spiritually and outwardly.  

May Allah (SWT) accept our du’as and grant us a blessed and successful year, ameen! 

Mass displacement and fear have taken hold in eastern Sudan. The RSF is advancing towards Gedaref, with active fighting now ongoing in the key city of Sennar.

Tens of thousands of people are fleeing new fighting in southeast Sudan, as the war spreads further across the country. Civilians are running out of anywhere safe to go.

An Escalating Conflict Amid Impending Famine

The new clashes in Sennar State – one of Sudan’s biggest agricultural regions – are increasing the risk of famine across the country. The conflict also puts a major humanitarian aid hub at risk.

More than 60,000 people have fled Sinja town this week as the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) captured the area. Heavy fighting is now ongoing in the nearby key city of Sennar.

Islamic Relief staff and other aid workers were among the thousands who have had to leave the city in recent days due to extreme insecurity. Up to 130,000 people are expected to flee Sennar State in the next few days.

Increasing Number of Internally Displaced within Sudan

Islamic Relief staff report thousands of families are now fleeing on foot across the Blue Nile River to try and escape the violence.

Large numbers of people now arrive in the already overcrowded eastern Sudan cities of Gedaref and Kassala. Many more are likely to arrive in the coming days and weeks.

Islamic Relief’s team in Gedaref is preparing to provide aid to new arrivals in the city.

There are growing fears that the fighting is now set to spread further east towards Gedaref – a key hub for humanitarian staff and supplies.

This would be a pivotal moment in the conflict. It would massively disrupt the humanitarian response at a time when aid is needed more than ever.

Islamic Relief staff in Gedaref report huge queues of cars at fuel stations as people stockpile in case they need to quickly abandon the city.

An Ongoing Cycle of Displacement

Sennar State was previously considered one of the safest parts of the country. Over the past year, hundreds of thousands of civilians had fled here to escape fighting in other regions such as Khartoum and Al Jazira. Now, many of these people are having to flee yet again.

Mohammad Sorwar, head of programs for Islamic Relief in Sudan, says: 

“The war is spreading across the country like a cancer. Many of the people fleeing have been displaced two, three, four or even more times before this, but the war keeps spreading. There are very few safe places left for people to run to. If the fighting reaches Gedaref it will have a devastating impact on aid delivery.”   

Crisis in Sudan Continues to Grow

Sudan is suffering the world’s biggest hunger crisis. More than 25 million people – over half the country’s population – face severe hunger and food shortages.

Mass starvation is imminent in the next three months. The war has forced farmers from their land, destroyed markets and obstructed humanitarian aid.

More than 10 million people are now displaced from their homes and in need of support within Sudan.

Islamic Relief calls on the international community to step up diplomatic efforts to get parties to the conflict to agree and adhere to a ceasefire and to urgently increase funding for the humanitarian response.

We call for parties to the conflict to recommit to peace negotiations. To ensure the protection of civilians and end the frequent impediments and obstruction of humanitarian aid. 

Islamic Relief has worked in Sudan for 40 years, since 1984. In response to the current crisis, our teams have provided aid to more than 830,000 people including food, nutrition, livelihood support, cash, water, sanitation, and healthcare.

The international community must urgently prioritise the crisis in Sudan and step up efforts to prevent famine there, Islamic Relief says. A new IPC* report published today shows record levels of hunger and imminent mass starvation in the next 3 months.

More than 25 million people – over half the country’s population – are now facing severe hunger and food shortages.  

Witnessing Severe Hunger on the Ground

Islamic Relief staff in Darfur, where the charity supports nutrition centres, are already seeing children wasting away from severe malnutrition. A crisis spurned by more than a year of conflict, forcing farmers from their land, destroying markets and obstructing humanitarian aid. In recent weeks, heavy fighting and siege in El Fasher, the capital of North Darfur, has pushed the region even closer to famine.  

Elsadig Elnour, Islamic Relief Country Director in Sudan, says: “Aid agencies have been warning for months that Sudan faces imminent famine, but it feels like nobody is listening.

In some parts of Darfur, Islamic Relief teams are now using camels to carry nutrition supplies to health and nutrition centres. Trucks risk being attacked and looted.   

The Worst Levels of Food Insecurity Ever Recorded in Sudan’s History

The new IPC report finds Sudan facing its worst levels of food insecurity ever recorded. The IPC’s 5-phase scale shows around 25 million people, over half the country’s population, face ‘crisis’ (phase 3) or ‘emergency’ (phase 4) levels of hunger. Furthermore, 755,000 people face ‘catastrophic’ levels of starvation (phase 5).  

The risk of famine is most imminent in Darfur. However, 14 areas across the country are at extreme risk – especially Khartoum, Kordofan, Al Jazirah and Blue Nile.

Elsadig Elnour continues: “Many of these worst affected areas are traditionally breadbasket regions that produce a lot of food. But over a year of war has severely limited food production and forced millions of people to flee their land and homes.

At least 8 million more people have fallen into hunger over the past 6 months. Worse still, the number of people at Phase 5 – the most extreme – has surged from zero to 755,000 in just a few months.

Sudan has become the world’s internal displacement crisis. More than 10 million people – almost a quarter of the population – are now uprooted from their homes. Many are now entirely dependent on humanitarian aid or the kindness of local communities.  

A Call to Action

Islamic Relief calls on the international community to step up diplomatic efforts to get parties to the conflict to agree. To adhere to a ceasefire. To urgently increase funding for the humanitarian response. Halfway through the year, the UN-led 2024 humanitarian response plan for Sudan has received just 17% of the funding it needs.      

The organisation is also calling for parties to the conflict to recommit to peace negotiations. To ensure the protection of civilians and end the frequent impediments and obstruction of humanitarian aid.  

Islamic Relief has worked in Sudan for 40 years, since 1984. In response to the current crisis, the organisation has provided aid to more than 830,000 people. This includes food, nutrition, livelihood support, cash, water, sanitation, and healthcare.

Israel is systematically starving Palestinians in Gaza, Islamic Relief reports. A new IPC* report shows that around half a million people are suffering catastrophic levels of hunger. Furthermore, almost everyone in Gaza is facing acute food shortages.

An entire generation of Palestinian children is at risk. Extreme hunger and malnutrition cause permanent damage to children. Conditions such as stunted physical and cognitive development will affect them for the rest of their lives.

Hunger Intensifies in Gaza

The IPC report confirms what Islamic Relief staff and partners in Gaza are seeing every day. Hundreds of thousands of people going entire days and nights without anything to eat at all. Young children and elderly people, especially, are the most vulnerable to hunger and malnutrition.

This hunger crisis is entirely man-made, caused by Israel’s ongoing attacks and blockade. Virtually all of Gaza’s internal food production has been wiped out. Nowhere near enough humanitarian aid is being allowed in. Israel continues to restrict entry of supplies into Gaza and movement of aid convoys within Gaza.

Israel’s assault on Rafah has fuelled starvation even further. Around 1 million people are forced to flee yet again and families are bombed while seeking aid and shelter. In the past day, more civilians have reportedly been killed for seeking refuge in a school and trying to reach aid trucks.

The new IPC report shows that the brief improvement in food security in March and April – when there was a small increase in aid allowed to enter and more food in the markets – is now being reversed, with fatal consequences.

A Call to Take Stronger Action

Islamic Relief urges international governments not to wait for an official famine declaration before taking stronger action. Aid agencies have been warning of famine for months, but official famine declarations are extremely rare and usually only come when it is too late. We do not need a famine announcement to know that Palestinians, especially young children, are starving and cannot access sufficient aid.

International initiatives like the sea pier and airdrops have been costly distractions while people starve. The only way to ensure people can access sufficient food is through a ceasefire and full unimpeded humanitarian access. International governments must use all the leverage and pressure they can to ensure that happens immediately.

Since the crisis erupted almost 9 months ago, Islamic Relief and partners have distributed more than 23 million ready-to-eat cooked meals to displaced people throughout Gaza and provided nutritional support to thousands of young children, pregnant women and new mothers, as well as other vital aid. However, much more is needed.

Image: Islamic Relief prepares and distributes ready-to-eat meals to children and families in Gaza.

*The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) is the foremost hunger monitoring system, providing evidence-based analysis on food insecurity and malnutrition to inform emergency responses around the world. https://www.ipcinfo.org/

Did you know that more than 800 million people worldwide go hungry, yet we produce enough food to feed everyone? Hunger is often seen as a result of there not being enough food to go around. However, usually it’s more complicated than that.

This World Hunger Day is an opportunity to bring into focus how hunger is driven by more than just the lack of food. In this article, we look at the glaring examples of worsening hunger crises in Somalia and Gaza. 

How Climate Breakdown is Affecting Somalia

The situation is dire in Somalia. Nearly 3.5 million people are expected to face acute food insecurity from April to June 2024.

So what’s causing this? A combination of factors – El Niño-induced flooding, ongoing conflict, climate change, and economic instability – are hitting hard.

Human-caused climate change has increased the frequency and severity of droughts. This, compounded by decades of conflict that, have significantly eroded the country’s institutions.

This combined damage to Somalia’s domestic food production has made the country dangerously reliant on imported grains – specifically from Ukraine and Russia.

Climate Change and Hunger in Somalia

Shortly after Somalia began to recover from the brink of famine, the country was struck by heavy El-Niño induced rainfall and floods in late 2023.

This wiped away lives and livelihoods. Around 1.5 million hectares of farmland are at risk – with farmers struggling with failed crops and reduced incomes.

Displacing almost half a million people, this rainfall was described as “once-in-a-century event” by the UN. It highlighted Somalia’s extreme vulnerability to climate breakdown.

Climate-induced displacement also pushes farmers away from their rural homes to urban areas, further hammering production down. And just last month, the situation in Somalia worsened after being hit by the Gu (April to June) rains.

Although this rainfall is expected to marginally improve the food security situation, risk of famine remains in several areas. Recovering from the aftermath of climate extremes will pose significant challenges for the people of Somalia.

Somalia Faces Worsening Climate-Included Disasters

Let’s be clear – this is no “natural disaster.” Somalia is experiencing more frequent and longer-lasting droughts and unpredictable rainfall. These are all becoming more severe, as a direct result of climate change.

Despite years of humanitarian aid and intervention, progress has been slow. Chronic underfunding and a lack of long-term investment have left people in Somalia vulnerable to recurring crises.

While there have been efforts to build resilience and prepare for disasters by aid agencies, including Islamic Relief, these initiatives across the sector have often fallen short. They are hampered by slow response times, limited resources and a failure to upscale action.

But perhaps the greatest barrier to improvement lies in political will — or the lack thereof. Somalia’s plight has not gone unnoticed, yet sustained commitment from donors and policymakers remains lacking.

Until there is a concerted effort to address the root causes of hunger and invest in long-term solutions, Somalia’s future hangs in the balance.

What is the link between conflict and hunger?

Conflict is the biggest single cause of hunger in the world today. Nearly 135 million people in conflict-affected countries face acute food insecurity – almost half of the global number.

Conflict affects food security and nutrition in many ways. It can reduce the amount of food available, disrupt food production and affect people’s ability to access food and markets. Gaza is no different, where the word ‘hunger’ carries a weight far beyond its dictionary definition. 

The Escalating Situation in Gaza

Since October 2023, the tightening siege imposed by Israel has created a stranglehold on the flow of goods and humanitarian aid, plunging Gaza into a humanitarian catastrophe, with famine already taking hold in the north.

The occupation and collective punishment of Gaza, the indiscriminate bombardment, and the denial of aid trucks are not just contributing to food insecurity. They are actively perpetuating a prolonged cycle of deprivation and despair for over 2.3 million people. So much so that famine is now inevitable and imminent across the Gaza Strip, according to the latest IPC report. 

Occupying Forces Worsening the Hunger Crisis

Israel has completely denied access to food resources to all civilians of the Strip, half of whom are children. This includes bombing mills, bakeries, grocery stores, corner shops, and markets.

They also are destroying crops and agricultural lands, killing livestock, and targeting boats and fishing equipment, as well as water tanks.

People are dying as a direct result. So far, at least 27 people have been reported to have died from malnutrition.

We can expect that this number to rise for as long as the siege and bombardment continues. The UN has even warned that children in Gaza are being starved at the fastest rate the world has ever known.

Their survival depends on more food, fuel and water entering Gaza immediately, as well as an immediate and permanent ceasefire.

The Current Situation

Out of the 130 bakeries that were functional in Gaza before October 2023, only 15 were open in March. Others have been destroyed or have ground to a halt due to fuel shortages.

The 1.9 million people forced to flee their homes also have little access to cooking utensils, water, and fuel, which prevents them from preparing food when it becomes available.

Efforts to increase aid into Gaza are crucial but attempts like airdropping or using new maritime corridors are futile – they are impractical, costly, and undignified. Five people were killed when the parachutes or air-dropped aid did not open.

Israel has also been targeting civilians seeking humanitarian aid, in what has been dubbed as a series of ‘flour massacres’, which have killed over 118 people.

What’s happening now in Gaza is a textbook example of how hunger can be man-made and down to political decisions. Let’s be clear – Israel can open all the land crossings and allow the entry of desperately needed aid to reach people in Gaza. This is not happening because Gaza has simply run out of food or there has been a poor harvest. It is because starvation is being used as a weapon of war.

How We Can Help Combat World Hunger

As we mark World Hunger Day, it’s crucial to recognise the interconnectedness of global hunger with climate and conflict.

The plight of Somalia and the Gaza Strip are stark reminders of the urgent need for action and a wakeup call for our collective conscience.

We cannot afford to let world leaders get away with empty words and inaction, we can and must work towards a reality where no one is forced to go hungry.

Written by Suraiya Rahman, Campaigns and Public Affairs Coordinator at Islamic Relief UK.

Islamic Relief Australia was honoured to welcome Dr Shariq Siddiqui, a leading authority in the field of philanthropic studies, to Sydney.

As an Assistant Professor of Philanthropic Studies and the Director of the Muslim Philanthropy Initiative at Indiana University’s Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, Dr Siddiqui is renowned for his extensive research on Muslim philanthropy and the nonprofit sector.

During his visit, Dr Siddiqui engaged in meaningful dialogue with the Islamic Relief Australia team. He, likewise, shared insightful conversations with invited key representatives from other prominent charities, including the National Zakat Foundation, Penny Appeal Australia, and Muslim Aid Australia.

Understanding Muslim Philanthropy

These interactions were a pivotal part of his ongoing research on Muslim philanthropy. Specifically, his research into the definition and practices of charitable giving within Muslim communities worldwide, including Australia.

Dr Siddiqui’s work delves deep into the unique aspects of Muslim philanthropy. He explores how cultural, religious and social factors influence charitable behaviours in Muslim communities. His research is crucial in understanding how Muslims define and practice charity – a concept deeply rooted in Islamic teachings and traditions.

Highlights from the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy

During the discussions, Dr Siddiqui shared valuable insights from the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy’s findings on the Muslim charity sector. These highlights included:

1. Diverse Motivations for Giving: Muslims are motivated by various factors when it comes to charity. Religious obligations (such as Zakat and Sadaqah), a sense of community responsibility, and the desire to support social justice causes, were among the most common motivators.
2. Innovative Philanthropic Practices: The research identified innovative practices within the Muslim charitable sector. These include the use of technology in fundraising and the emergence of social enterprises aimed at sustainable development.
3. Challenges and Opportunities: Dr Siddiqui emphasised the challenges faced by Muslim charities. Examples include regulatory hurdles, the need for greater transparency, and combating negative stereotypes. However, he also highlighted the vast potential for growth and impact within the sector, especially with increased collaboration and knowledge sharing.

Building Bridges and Enhancing Collaboration

The visit was more than just an academic exercise. It was a step towards fostering stronger ties between Muslim charities in Australia and international philanthropic networks.

Dr Siddiqui’s interactions with the heads of the National Zakat Foundation, Penny Appeal Australia, and Muslim Aid Australia highlighted the importance of collaboration. To address common challenges facing Muslim charitable organisations overall, allowing us to maximise our strengths and minimise any weaknesses.

By doing so, we have more potential to enhance the effectiveness of our charitable efforts. Thus, deepening our relationship with the Australian Muslim community and allowing their donations to reach more people in need.

The Future of Muslim Philanthropy

Dr Siddiqui’s visit to Sydney marks an important milestone in the global study of Muslim philanthropy. His efforts to gather information from various parts of the world, including Australia, contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how Muslim communities engage in charitable activities.

This knowledge is vital for developing strategies that can maximise the impact of philanthropy within these communities.

Ayman Abdelhady, Head of Marketing at Islamic Relief Australia, expressed his enthusiasm about the initiative, stating:

In conclusion, Islamic Relief Australia is proud to have hosted Dr. Shariq Siddiqui and looks forward to continuing this valuable exchange of ideas and expertise.

Together, with our partners in the charity sector, we commit to advancing the cause of Muslim philanthropy. To make a positive difference in the lives of those we serve, now and in the decades to come.