Tag: Ramadan

Five Pillars of Islam are core obligations that serve as a guide for every Muslim. Ones that nurtures their spiritual growth, self-discipline and devotion to Allah (SWT). 

Together, these pillars form the foundation of Islamic belief and practice. It unites Muslims around the world in a shared commitment to the deen (faith).

What are the 5 pillars of Islam?

The five pillars of Islam include: Shahada (faith), Salah (prayer), Zakat (almsgiving), Sawm (fasting), and Hajj (pilgrimage).

Shahada (Faith)

The Shahada is the first and most fundamental pillar of Islam, serving as the very foundation of a Muslim’s faith. This is the declaration of faith in one God (Allah) and His messenger (ﷺ).

Ash-hadu an la ilaha illa Allah, Wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadan Rasulu-Allah

أشهد أن لا إله إلا الله وأشهد أن محمدًا رسول الله

“I bear witness that there is no god but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the Messenger of God”

This testimony affirms the core belief of Tawheed (the oneness of God), rejecting any association of partners with Him. It also acknowledges Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as the final messenger of Allah (SWT). As his legacy is one that follows a long line of prophets sent to guide humanity.

Salah (Prayer)

Salah is the second pillar of Islam and a fundamental act of worship. This is the ritual prayer every Muslim must perform five times a day (at fixed times) throughout their lifetime. It establishes a direct and personal connection between a Muslim and Allah (SWT).

The prescribed times for Salah are:

1. Fajr – Before dawn
2. Dhuhr – After midday
3. Asr – Afternoon
4. Maghrib – Just after sunset
5. Isha – Night

These prayers are a constant reminder of a Muslim’s faith, reinforcing discipline, humbleness, and mindfulness of Allah (SWT) throughout the day.

Zakat (Almsgiving)

Zakat, the third pillar of Islam, purifies a Muslim’s wealth and soul. It is an obligatory form of charity that requires Muslims who are of age, sound mind, and meet the Nisab (minimum wealth threshold) to give 2.5% of their savings annually to those in need.

The Quran outlines eight eligible recipients, as stated in Surah At-Tawbah, in this verse (ayat).

Alms-tax is only for the poor and the needy, for those employed to administer it, for those whose hearts are attracted ˹to the faith˺, for ˹freeing˺ slaves, for those in debt, for Allah’s cause, and for ˹needy˺ travellers. ˹This is˺ an obligation from Allah. And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.

Quran 9:60

By fulfilling Zakat, Muslims uphold social responsibility and deepen their faith, ensuring that wealth benefits the entire community.

Sawm (Fasting)

Sawm, the fourth pillar of Islam, is a compulsory act of worship observed during Ramadan. It requires Muslims to abstain from food, drink, and other physical needs from dawn (Fajr) to sunset (Maghrib). As the blessed month of Ramadan is a time of spiritual purification, self-discipline, and devotion to Allah (SWT).

Key aspects of fasting include suhoor, the meal eaten before fajr prayer, and iftar, breaking the fast at sunset.

Every Muslim who are of age (i.e. has reached puberty) must fast during Ramadan. But there are also exemptions, such as those who are sick, elderly, travellers, and others with valid reasons (such as pregnancy or menstruation). However, they must also make up their fast once able to, if possible. If not, then they should pay compensation, called fidya, to the needy.

Beyond Ramadan, voluntary fasting on special days, such as Mondays and Thursdays or the Day of Arafah, is encouraged for extra rewards.

Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Hajj, the fifth and final pillar of Islam, is the sacred pilgrimage to Makkah (Mecca). It is required once in a lifetime for Muslims who are physically and financially able.

Taking place in Dhul Hijjah, it symbolises submission to Allah (SWT) and unity among believers. Key aspects of hajj include:

• Ihram – Entering a state of purity and wearing simple white garments.
• Tawaf – Circling the Kaaba seven times in devotion.
• Sa’i – Walking between Safa and Marwah, honoring Hajar’s struggle.
• Arafah – The most significant day, spent in deep prayer and repentance.
• Rami al-Jamarat – Stoning the pillars representing Shaytan.
• Qurban – Sacrificing an animal in remembrance of Prophet Ibrahim (AS).

What do the 5 pillars of Islam mean?

Overall, the five pillars of Islam are Shahada, Salah, Zakat, Sawm, and Hajj. They are the five key practices that all Muslims are obligated to fulfil throughout their lifetime. These practices are referred to as pillars because they form the foundation of Muslim life.

Why are the five pillars of Islam important?

Each of the five pillars works in tandem with one another to bring the essence of Islam into the lives of every Muslim:

Monotheism and the belief in Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as the last messenger of God is the central tenet of Islam around which everything else revolves. Thus, reciting the Shahada (shahadah) in prayer each day serves to remind Muslims of this integral belief.

Salah (salat) occurs five times a day. This, hence, offers five different opportunities for remembrance of Allah (SWT) and our purpose in this life to worship Him.

The month of Ramadan requires every Muslim to abstain from their most basic needs and desires, like food, drink and physical relations for a period of time each day. Every year, the Sawm (fasting) gives Muslims the opportunity to gather control over their human needs. Without these distractions, Muslims can instead nurture good conduct and their connection to Allah (SWT).

While Sadaqah (charity) is greatly encouraged to be a part of everyday Muslim life, it is obligatory to offer Zakat (alms) once a year. This ensures that wealth is continuously redistributed to those who are in need of it.

During the Hajj (pilgrimage), Muslims must each wear the same simple garments and perform the same ritual acts of devotion to Allah. Stripped of worldly distinction, people are reminded that all are equal before God.

Knowing the Key Facts about the Five Pillars of Islam

The Five Pillars of Islam form the foundation of a Muslim’s faith and practice, guiding their spiritual and daily lives. While these obligations are essential, Islam also recognises individual circumstances, offering exemptions and alternatives for those unable to fulfil certain pillars due to health, financial, or other valid reasons.

By embracing these pillars, Muslims strengthen their connection with Allah (SWT), helping build a just and compassionate society.

Ramadan, for Muslims, is the most blessed time of the year. It opens the door for opportunities to lose bad habits and exchange them for healthier ones – all while gaining immense rewards.  

Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) narrated, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:  “Every deed of the son of Adam will be given a ten-fold reward, up to seven hundred. Allah says: ‘Except fasting, for it is for Me, and I shall reward for it, for he gives up his desire and his food for My sake…’ and the fasting person has two joys, one joy when he breaks his fast and another when he meets his Lord. And the smell from his mouth is better before Allah than the fragrance of musk.” 

 Sahih Al Bukhari

However, in this day and age, it can be hard to match up our big plans for Ramadan with our busy schedule. Even with our best intentions and efforts, staying on top of chores, family commitments, school or work, on top of the additional worship is often more complicated than we think!  

So how do we make the most of it? How can we maximise the benefits of Ramadan without getting overwhelmed?  

Top Tips for Tackling Ramadan on a Busy Schedule  

Many of us are super-worried about our productivity during Ramadan. What is the right balance between staying on top of our daily tasks while also squeezing in more ibadah (acts of worship) in our lives?

That’s why we’re giving you 10 practical tips for Ramadan to help you reach your spiritual goals for this blessed month without burning out!  

1 | Start Ramadan with Sincere Intentions  

Having sincere intentions, working hard and making lots of dua is the hack for an ultimate productive Ramadan.  

Umar ibn al-Khattab reported, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Verily, deeds are only with intentions, and every person will have only what they intended.” 

Bukhari and Muslim

Intentions lead to results. When a change in intention occurs, when we commit to take action, it makes us more motivated to do it.  

Having the intention is enough for Allah (SWT) to make a change in our reality, so we should not dismiss how a change in intention (our internal condition, our mindset) needs to occur so we can take steps to change our external condition.

2 | Plan Ahead and Set Clear Goals for Ramadan

Before Ramadan starts, set personal goals for yourself. Break them down step by step to make it easier for you to tackle them.  

For example, set a goal for how many chapters of Quran you would like to finish during the month. Once you do that, split the task and divide it. Have a set number of pages or ayat to read each day. Then decide if you want to set a whole block of your day for reciting or have multiple smaller time slots throughout the day.  

You can also set similar goals for dhikr, duas, extra prayers, and more. However, be sure to be realistic – know your limits. Highlight the small, consistent acts that are challenging but you know you can complete. Then have another list for the ibadah you want to add on after you smash your initial goals. That way, you’re always striving to do better throughout the month! 

3 | Prioritise Your Spiritual Obligations 

Even with our busy schedules, we need to always have time for prayer and remembering Allah (SWT) – especially during the holiest month of the year, Ramadan.  

Try to work your schedule around salat (prayer) times rather than the other way around. Set reminders or alarms on your phone to ensure you don’t forget your spiritual obligations amidst your busy schedule. Soon enough, it’ll come naturally to you, and you’ll be able to maximise every moment during Ramadan.

4 | Build Environments that Make it Easier to Stay Focused  

Fasting can make it hard to concentrate, especially in the afternoon. But with the right approach, you can stay productive. 

Adjust your work or school schedule to accommodate for fasting and prayer times in Ramadan. Likewise, talk to your employer or supervisor to see if they can offer flexible working or a lighter workload during Ramadan. 

For school or work, focus on demanding tasks right after Suhoor (the meal you eat before you fast) when your mind is fresh. In turn, if you can, take power naps. A short nap (around 10-20 minutes) after Dhuhr can go a long way in boosting your energy. 

Overall, having this strategic approach to your busy schedule prevents exhaustion and helps keep you on track. 

5 | Step Back From Socials 

If you’re someone who spends a good chunk of their day browsing and surfing on social media forums, it might be a good idea to take a step back for Ramadan. Turn off notifications, temporarily deactivate your accounts, or maybe even delete the applications from your phone.   

Taking these steps will help you not get distracted by socials in the first place. This way, you have more time to work on beautifying your ibadah – doing more dhikr, dua, Quranic recitation and more! 

6 | Eat Healthy Meals for Suhoor and Iftar  

Eating well is key to staying productive. It keeps your energy steady, making ibadah and daily tasks easier. So, what foods should you eat for suhoor and iftar?  

For suhoor, focus on slow-digesting foods that help you stay full longer. These include oats, eggs, whole grains, and nuts. Try to limit salty and sugary foods as they cause you to get dehydrated more quickly. 

For iftar, break your fast with dates and water, following the Sunnah of the Prophet (ﷺ). Then have a balanced meal with lean proteins (like chicken, fish, or tofu), healthy fats (like nuts or eggs), and complex carbs (like potato or whole grains). 

To make things less overwhelming, try meal prepping! It saves time, ensuring you have a nutritious meal ready to go, even on the busiest days.  

One of the key tips to Ramadan meal prep is cooking in batches and freezing meals. You can also prepare smoothies or overnight oats for quick suhoor options. And for those moments you feel a bit hungry after taraweeh? Keep healthy snacks on hand to avoid reaching for junk food. 

 All in all, keep things clean and simple! By eating right, you won’t make work and worship harder on yourself during this blessed month.  

7 | Continuously Ask Allah (SWT) for Forgiveness  

Allah (SWT) loves those who engage in constant ‘istighfar’ – constant repentance. So, one of the best things you can do in Ramadan is seek Allah’s (SWT) Mercy.  

Ramadan is a blessed month when Allah (SWT) widens the gates of communication and mercy.   

Ibn’ Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him), narrated that Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: “If anyone constantly seeks pardon (from Allah), Allah will appoint for him a way out of every distress and a relief from every anxiety, and will provide sustenance for him from where he expects not.” 

Abu Dawud

8 | Include Frequent Dhikr in Your Schedule 

One of the easiest acts of worship to include in your busy schedules is Dhikr (Remembrance of Allah (SWT)). It’s short, and Allah (SWT) gives you great rewards for it!  

Dhikr (plural, adhkar) includes sayings that glorify Allah (SWT), such as Allahu Akbar, subhanAllah, and Alhamdulillah. Adhkar can also include reciting dua or certain verses in the Qur’an for the purpose of remembering Allah (SWT).  

They’re short enough to memorise or recite fairly quickly during any free time you get in between your daily tasks of the day.  

For example, if you are driving to work and you have a 15-20 minute journey in between, use that time to engage in dhikr. Or use your breaks in between work meetings, or spend a few minutes after salah to make dhikr with tasbeeh.  

While it might not seem like much, by maximising your ibadah time in this way, when you add them all together, that’s quite a lot of potential good deeds! 

9 | Maximise Ramadan Nights for Worship, Even with a Busy Routine 

The nights of Ramadan, especially the last ten, are filled with many blessings. But it can be quite the struggle to balance Taraweeh, family time, and rest during these nights. 

To help maximising your time for worship at night, focus on what works best for you. If you can’t pray long Taraweeh, pray shorter ones. Even two extra rak’ahs bring rewards. 

In turn, if you struggle to stay up late, do small but consistent ibadah. Keep a list of short duas handy and make those supplications sincerely. Do tasbeeh (glorifying Allah) or reflect on a few Quranic verses.  

If your time is limited, quality matters more than quantity. Because, with sincere intentions, even small efforts during the night can bring great rewards. 

10 | Manage Your Ramadan Workload  

Even if we have a plan for our goals, we can still get overwhelmed or underestimate how long things will take. This is especially true during Ramadan, where many of us will have more commitments, including being invited to iftar dinners and taraweeh prayers to perform.  

That’s why it’s essential to have a strategy in place to manage our workload during Ramadan. Prioritise tasks, delegate where possible, and avoid taking on additional responsibilities if you can.  

And remember, don’t get discouraged if everything doesn’t go as planned. Keep planning, keep trying. For Allah (SWT) is the best of planners, and whatever He puts in your path He knows you can overcome it! 

In Conclusion… 

Ramadan doesn’t have to be overwhelming, even for the busiest Muslims. With the right mindset and planning, you can balance work, worship, and family – all while making the most of this blessed time. 

Remember, Allah (SWT) rewards efforts, not perfection. Even small acts done with sincerity can bring immense barakah (blessings).  

So, make an extra effort in this Holy month – it will go a long way! May this Ramadan be a time of growth and blessings for you and your loved ones! 

With the Holy month of Ramadan just around the corner, Muslims across the globe are rushing to prepare themselves for this sacred time – including us! 

Ramadan is a marathon that rewards you for doing your best and participating in it from start to finish. With each trial faced, with each sincere intention made, with each act of worship (ibadah) carried out for His sake, Allah (SWT) promises His believers multiplied rewards and blessings.

Allah (SWT) created Ramadan to be a fulfilling experience for the believer. It’s a month that’s made to ease the heart and mind and purify the body and soul. But if you’re not sure where to start, don’t worry! Here are some easy-to-follow Pre-Ramadan preparation tips to help you build your action plan for the month!

Note Down the Bad Habits You Want to Break

Ramadan, a month of mercy and forgiveness, is one of the best times to break bad habits. For one, Allah (SWT) has locked all Shayateen (devils) during this time. Thus, He makes it easier for us to stay away from harmful acts. Likewise, having to fast from dawn to dusk for the whole month further encourages us to control our appetite. It also helps keep our actions in check as we receive more rewards for it. 

Keep yourself accountable by first noting down the bad habits you feel confident in getting rid of for Ramadan. Then, write down the steps you plan to take to break that habit. For example, one habit you might have is praying at the last minute. Here is a list of actions you might want to take to break it:

1. Set an alarm 10-15 minutes before prayer time (or your local Juma’at time) so you have time to make wudu or ghusl and get yourself in the mindset for prayer.
2. Get a friend or family member to ask if you’ve prayed or not well before prayer time ends.
3. Make sure you’ve packed a lightweight prayer mat (Sajadah) and wear clothes you can pray in if you plan to go out.

Of course, some habits are harder to break than others. Especially if it’s one we’ve had for many years. But, even if you start small, every effort you take towards bettering yourself for Allah (SWT)’s sake will weigh heavily in your favour. In this life and the Hereafter.

Write Down Your Short-Term and Long-Term Goals

Many of us go into Ramadan determined to make the most of it. We make plans to perfect our Salah (prayer), read more Quran, learn more about Islam, give more charity, and do more good overall. However, it can be hard to stay motivated or know if we’re improving on our good habits if we don’t have specific goals in mind. 

Keep yourself focused by writing down a list of all the goals you want to work on during Ramadan. Include both the short-term goals you want to complete during the month. As well as the long-term goals you want to continue working on beyond Ramadan. 

For example, maybe one of your long-term goals is to memorise the whole Quran. Then, one of the short-term goals you might list to help achieve this goal can be having a specific time of day to read and memorise the Quran (e.g. half an hour after Fajr, 20 minutes before Maghrib, etc.). Another goal can be choosing a couple of Surahs (chapters) of the Quran to memorise during the month. 

Whatever your goals might be, make sure it’s doable for you. Don’t feel bad about taking things slow. Gradual but consistent improvement is better than speeding through goals just to get them done.

Going back to the Quran example, maybe for now you can only memorise one or two short surahs during the month, but one day you’ll be able to memorise a page a day or maybe even more. Ramadan is the best time to build good habits after all and you should be able to enjoy the journey it takes to develop them. 

Get on Top of Your Health

Looking after our health is an important part of our faith, as, in Islam, our bodies have a right over us (Sahih Bukhari). Fasting in Ramadan includes going long hours without food and drink. Hence, we should make sure we are physically and mentally prepared for it. So, we can spend the month focused on our worship of Allah (SWT). 

Before Ramadan arrives, check on how your mind and body feel. Do you have any symptoms you want a health professional to look at? A chronic health condition? Is there any medication you must take at certain times of the day? Schedule a visit with your doctor if you can. Then, ask them to help you figure out a plan that works best for you while fasting.

Even if you feel fine and don’t have any outstanding medical conditions, it’s still important to know how to look after your mind and body throughout Ramadan.

While fasting has many benefits that can help reach many health goals (e.g. losing weight, decreasing stress levels, preventing further health conditions, etc.), it can also get overwhelming or tiring.

One of the ways to combat this is by eating wholesome meals for Suhoor (or Sehri) and Iftar. This includes having foods with nutrients that help you feel energised for a long time, such as fibre-rich grains, fruits, or vegetables. 

By preparing your mind and body for the month of fasting ahead, you have more time to focus on your spirituality and thus work on making the most of Ramadan’s blessings.

Make Space In Your Ramadan Calendar for Community

The month of Ramadan is a time of community. Many families gather together for iftar and Masajid (Mosques) are often fuller in Ramadan than at any other time of year, especially for Taraweeh prayer.

Before Ramadan, many Islamic community centres will post their schedule of activities and workshops for or in preparation for the month. Your family or community themselves might also have big events planned, whether it be iftar gatherings, fundraisers, halaqahs or Quran circles.

In either case, take some time to make note of these events in your calendar and how you can work them into your Ramadan goals.

In the month when blessings are multiplied and there are more opportunities for rewards, when we come together to worship Allah (SWT), working your schedule around the community events can help you make the most of this month. Thus, strengthening your bond with your loved ones and Allah (SWT).

Keep Your Action Plan With You Throughout Ramadan

Now that you know your schedule and goals for Ramadan, keep that action plan close to you throughout the month.

Make time each day to keep track of your progress, go over the goals you need to work on and see what events you have on that day. By having this system in place, it helps make Ramadan less overwhelming and can even encourage us to keep these organised habits even after the month ends!

So make the most of the time you have left before Ramadan to make an action plan. Be sure to take note of all the habits you want to break and your key goals (short-term and long-term). Likewise, keep up to date with your health requirements and any plans you, your family or your community might have for Ramadan. 

Shaban (or Sha’ban, Shaaban), is the eighth month in the Islamic calendar. Coming before the ninth month, Ramadan, it is a bridge to the blessings the holy month brings.

Thus, we explore, “What is Shaban?”, as a time to prepare for the important month ahead, and one we must not neglect.

When is Shaban 2026?

Shaban, this year, begins on the evening of Monday, January 19, 2026, according to the new moon’s sighting. This makes the first day of Shaban, Tuseday, January 20, 2026.

This Islamic month may end on the evening of Friday, February 17, 2026, depending on the moon’s sighting for the start of Ramadan.

What is the Significance of Shaban?

Imam Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Balkhi (RA), the uncle of Imam Tirmidhi (RA), said: 
“The month of Rajab is the month of planting (your seeds), Sha‘ban is the month of irrigating / watering (them), and Ramadan is the month of harvesting the crop.”

Lataiful Ma’arif

Shaban, being the month just before Ramadan, is a perfect time to prepare for the blessed month. But it too, holds great importance on its own. Here are key reasons why:

More Fasting Than Any Other Month (Except Ramadan)

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) would fast in Shaban more than any other month except Ramadan. Aisha (RA) said:

“I never saw the Messenger of Allah ﷺ fasting for an entire month except in Ramadan, and I never saw him fasting more than he did in Sha’ban.”

Sahih Al-Bukhari

He (ﷺ) also loved to fast in this month. So much so, that it was recorded in hadith. In Sunan Abu Dawud, it states, “The most beloved of months for the Messenger of Allah ﷺ to fast in was Sha’ban, and his fasting in Sha’ban was continuous with his fasting in Ramadan.”

More Opportunity for Rewards

Many scholars of the past (Salaf) also believed that fasting in Shaban was better than fasting in other months, even the sacred ones.

Ibn Rajab (RA) said, “Fasting in Sha’ban is better than fasting in the Sacred Months, and the best of voluntary fasts are those that are (observed in the months) closest to Ramadan, before or after.”

A hadith in Silsilat ul-Ahadith-as Sahiha also states, “Allah forgives all the believers in general; except the polytheists and the jealous people on the middle night of Sha’ban.” Some Muslims refer to this night as a Shab-e-Barat, however no Quranic verses specifically mention it.

Good Deeds to Do on Sha’ban

There are a lot of good deeds you can perform in the month of Shaban to make the most of it. Here are some simple acts of worship (ibadah) to add to your daily routine to earn good deeds AND prepare for Ramadan.

1. Do Voluntary Fasts

Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used to fast most of the days of Shaban. Thus, we should follow his Sunnah (actions and way of living) and keep as many voluntary fasts as we can in Shaban too. If it is hard to fast most of the month, try to fast on the 13th, 14th, and 15th as they are the White Days (Al-Ayyam al-Bid) of the Islamic month.  

However, there are also exceptions to fasting in Shaban. Abu Hurayrah (RA) mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Do not anticipate Ramadan by fasting one or two days before it begins, but if a man habitually fasts, then let him fast.” (Sahih Muslim)
He also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said to not fast if Sha’ban is half over. (Tirmidhi)

The exception to this would be someone who fasted regularly, such as the Prophet (ﷺ) and many of his companions. Thus, if you are someone who regularly observes the sunnah fast, then you may still observe them in the second half of Sha’ban. It is also permissible to make up a Ramadan fast at this time, if necessary, as Aisha (RA), one of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ), herself said she would make up fasts in Shaban.

2. Recite the Quran

Ramadan is the month of revelation of the Quran. Naturally, it is the month when we recite it the most. Thus, to help us get ready and see the best results in Ramadan, we should start the habit of reciting it more, starting from Shaban. 

3. Make Lots of Duas

Apart from obligatory prayers and observing fasting in Shaban, reciting different duas, tasbeeh, and staying engaged in remembrance of Allah (SWT) is also a good way of making the most of this month.

Here are some duas you can say to seek forgiveness and blessings from Allah (SWT).

“O Allah (SWT), I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your anger and in Your forgiveness from Your punishment. I seek refuge in You from You. I cannot praise You enough. You are as You have praised Yourself.”

(Sahih Muslim)

Rabbanā lā tuākhidh’nā in nasīnā aw akh ta’na

رَبَّنَا لاَ تُؤَاخِذْنَا إِن نَّسِينَا أَوْ أَخْطَأْنَا

“Our Lord! Take us not to task if we forget or fall into error”

Qur’an 2:286

4. Perform Voluntary Prayers

To make it easier to do more voluntary prayers in Ramadan, start the practice of praying Tahajjud from Shaban. It will help you get used to the Ramadan schedule quicker and also bring you many rewards. 

5. Start Preparing Money for Ramadan

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was the most generous in giving charity (Zakat and Sadaqah) during Ramadan. To prepare for giving in Ramadan, we should start getting ready in Shaban, including finding Zakat calculations.

Like other forms of Ibadah, charity in Shaban is also an act of worship as you show kindness to others. For every good deed, specifically charity during Shaban, you can gain blessings in abundance.

Shaban: A Pathway to Blessings and Rewards

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said, “(Shaban) is a month to which people do not pay much attention, between Rajab and Ramadan. It is a month in which the deeds are taken up to the Lord of the worlds, and I like that my deeds be taken up when I am fasting.” (An-Nasa’i).

With this in mind, it is important not to neglect this blessed time. To make the most of it by increasing worshipping, observing fasting, reciting Quran and duas, and engaging in charitable activities.

Thus, it will be a month that not only strengthens your bond with Allah (SWT), but also help you prepare for the sacred month of Ramadan.

Isra’ and Mi’raj is an important night occurring on the 27^th of Rajab. One that we should not slip by without reflecting on its lessons and its significance. 

This year, Al Isra’ wal-Mi’raj 2025 is predicted to take place on the evening of January 26th 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon. 

What is Isra’ and Mi’raj (Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj)? 

Isra’ and Mi’raj, known as Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj in Arabic, is a miracle second only to the revelation of the Qur’an.  

Translated, it means the Night Journey and Ascension. It refers to the event when that transported Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, from where he (ﷺ) ascended to heaven. It was an incredible journey, filled with many wonders and miracles.  

When did the Night Journey and Ascension (Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj) Happen?  

Isra’ and Mi’raj took place during a time when Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was facing intense hardship and pain.  

The Quraysh constantly ridiculed, humiliated and oppressed the Prophet (ﷺ) and his followers. Moreover, he (ﷺ) had just faced the Year of Sorrow (’Aam al-Huzn), during which he (ﷺ) lost his beloved wife Khadijah (RA) and his uncle Abu Talib, his protector and ally. 

In addition to all these struggles, when the Prophet (ﷺ) travelled to Ta’if to spread the message of Islam, the people of Ta’if rejected him, sending their children after him to stone him until he left the city. 

Having gone through so much grief and suffering, Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj came to the Prophet (ﷺ) as a beautiful and comforting gift.  

He was transported not only through the skies but ultimately into the presence of Allah (SWT), the source of all comfort and hope.

Al-Isra’: From the Ka’bah to Al-Aqsa 

When the Prophet (ﷺ) was sleeping in the house of Umm Hani (ra) in Makkah when the roof of his house opened and the Angel Jibril (AS) descended (Bukhari).  

He (ﷺ) was then taken to the Hijr, the semi-circular wall of the Ka‘bah. It was there that Jibril (AS) opened the Prophet (ﷺ)’s chest and washed it with Zamzam water. Jibril then brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith, and having poured its contents into the Prophet (ﷺ)’s chest, he closed it. (Bukhari) 

Jibril then brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) a white beast called al-Buraq (from the Arabic word barq, meaning lightning). It was bigger than a donkey and smaller than a mule. Its stride was as long as the eye could reach. (Muslim)

Buraq first shied from the Prophet (ﷺ) before they set off. So Jibril (AS) said to a saddled and reined Buraq, “Is it from Muhammad (ﷺ) that you do this? For nobody has ridden you who is more honourable to Allah than him! Then Buraq started sweating profusely. (Tirmidhi) 

At several points along the journey, Jibril (AS) stopped Buraq and told the Prophet (ﷺ), “Dismount and pray”. The first stop was at “the place of emigration”, Madinah. Soon, after this night, the Prophet (ﷺ) would meet the Ansar and migrate to Madinah.  

The second stop was on Mount Sinai, where Allah (SWT) revealed the Torah to Musa (AS). The third stop was at Bethlehem, where ’Isa (AS) was born. 

The fourth stop was the grave of Musa (AS), located “a stone’s throw” away from the holy land of the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa (Bukhari).  

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “On the night on which I was taken on the Night Journey, I passed by Musa and he was praying in his grave.”

Sunan an-Nasai

Arriving at Al-Aqsa 

When Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) arrived in the holy city of Al-Quds (Jerusalem), they approached Masjid Al-Aqsa. There, Jibril (AS) pointed to the Masjid with his finger, causing a crack in the rock, and tied Buraq to the western wall of the noble sanctuary. (Tirmidhi).  

Waiting inside were all 124,000 Prophets (AS), and among them included Musa (AS), Isa (AS) and Ibrahim. Jibril (AS) led the Prophet (ﷺ) to the front, and he (ﷺ) led them all in prayer in this blessed space.  

When the Prophet (ﷺ) completed the prayer, someone said, “Here is Malik (AS), the keeper of Hellfire, so convey Salams to him”. So, he (ﷺ) turned to him, but the angel Malik preceded him in Salams’ (Muslim).  

The Prophets (AS) also discussed, after praising Allah (SWT), about “the Hour”. Both Ibrahim (AS) and Musa (AS) stated that they “did not have any knowledge of it”. Whilst ’Isa (AS) ’mentioned the Dajjal (anti-Christ). (Ibn Majah) 

Following the discussion, the Prophet (ﷺ) came out and Jibril (AS) brought him (ﷺ) a vessel of wine and a vessel of milk. When the Prophet (ﷺ) chose the milk Jibril (AS) said, “You have chosen the natural state (Fitrah)” (Muslim). 

The Prophet (ﷺ), with Jibril (AS), then proceeded to the Noble Rock (as-Sakhrah al-Musharrafah), currently housed by the holy Dome of the Rock Masjid, at the centre of the noble sanctuary (al-Haram ash-Sharif) of the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa.  

He (ﷺ) then ascended into the heavens for the next part of this incredible journey – the Mi‘raj, the Ascension! 

What is the Mi’raj? 

He (ﷺ) certainly saw some of his Lord’s greatest signs.  

Qur’an 53:18

The word Al-Mi’raj is a noun of instrument in Arabic morphology, which literally means ‘an instrument you use to ascend’. But how does this relate to the Prophet (ﷺ)’s night journey? 

In the Prophet’s Night Journey and Heavenly Ascent by Sayyid Muhammad ibn Alawi al-Maliki, it states that:  

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The Prophet (ﷺ), “saw the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise at the left of the Rock (at the Dome of the Rock Masjid). He greeted them and they returned his greeting.

“Then he asked them something and they replied with an answer that cools the eyes. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) was brought the ladder by which the spirits of the children of Adam (AS) ascend.  

“It had alternate stairs of silver and gold and came down from the Highest Garden of Paradise, Jannat al-Firdaus. It was encrusted with pearls and surrounded (by) angels on its right and left”

As recorded in The Life of Muhammad (ﷺ) Ibn Ishaq, the Prophet (ﷺ) also said the ladder was finer than any he had ever seen, and that this was the ladder which “the dying man looks when death approaches”.

Then the Prophet (ﷺ), accompanied by Jibril (AS), ascended into the layers of sky. 

The First Sky 

Allah ascended the Prophet (ﷺ) from the Dome of the Rock through the skies, where he saw many miraculous sights reaching heaven, the first layer of the sky and the end of the known universe. 

Jibril (AS) then asked the (gate of heaven) to be opened (by knocking on one of its doors). (Bukhari)

The dwellers of Paradise asked, ‘Who is it?’ He said, ” Jibril.” They said, “Who is accompanying you?” He said, “Muhammad (ﷺ).” They said, “Has he (ﷺ ) been called?” He said, “Yes,” They said, “He (ﷺ) is welcomed.” (Bukhari)

The Prophet (ﷺ) also reported that when (the door of heaven) was opened for them “…suddenly I was with (the Prophet) Adam (AS). Then he welcomed me and supplicated for good for me”. (Muslim)

The Second to Seventh Sky 

The Prophet (ﷺ) continued to ascend the layers of the skies with Jibril (AS). Each time, they again sought permission to enter, and the angelic guards were delighted and welcomed the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).  

It was also through passing these skies that the Prophet (ﷺ) met many of the prophets (AS) who came before him. At the second sky, he met prophets Isa (AS) and Yahya (AS). In the third sky, the Prophet (ﷺ) met the Prophet Yusuf (AS). 

At the fourth sky, the Prophet (ﷺ) met the Prophet Idris (AS). In the fifth sky, he met the Prophet Harun (AS), before meeting Prophet Musa (AS) in the next sky – the sixth.  

At each one of these levels, these Prophets (AS) welcomed the Prophet (ﷺ) and supplicated good for him saying, “Welcome O pious Prophet and pious brother!” (Bukhari) 

 At the seventh sky, the Prophet (ﷺ) met his greatest ancestor, the Prophet Ibrahim (AS) who was “reclining his back against al-Bayt al-Ma‘mur. And there enter into it seventy thousand angels every day ever to return to it (again)”. [Muslim] 

(Bayt al-Ma’mur, in Arabic, means “the much-visited House”. It is the heavenly Ka‘bah directly above the one on earth). Like Adam (AS), Ibrahim (AS) also greeted the Prophet (ﷺ). 

The Lote Tree 

As the Prophet (ﷺ) carried on his journey, he reached the Furthest Lote Tree, known, in Arabic, as “Sidrah al-Muntaha” (Qur’an 53:14). 

In several ahadith, the Prophet (ﷺ) described the tree in great detail. 

“(Its) leaves were like elephant ears and its fruit like big earthenware vessels”. (Muslim)

“Then when it was covered by the Command of Allah, it underwent such a change that none amongst the creation has the power to praise its beauty” (Muslim)

“A rider will travel in the shade of one of its branches for a hundred years,” or “a hundred riders will seek to shade themselves with its shade”. (Tirmidhi)

The tree is surrounded (by) “golden butterflies”. (Tirmidhi)

He (ﷺ) further said: “many a colour had covered it which I do not know (i.e. the colours of this tree were indescribable)”. (Muslim)

He also stated that, “There terminates everything that ascends from the earth, and everything that descends from above”. (Tirmidhi) 

The Divine Meeting 

Then Allah revealed to His servant (ﷺ) what He revealed 

Qur’an 53:10

At the end of this journey, the Prophet (ﷺ) was brought to Allah (SWT), the ultimate source of strength and relief.  

Regarding this important meeting, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, ‘Then Allah revealed to me what he revealed to me and then He made obligatory for me fifty prayers every day and night’. [Muslim] 

It was here that Allah gave this Ummah the gift of compulsory Salah. A daily source of strength to Muslims, giving them the opportunity to communicate with Allah (SWT) directly and draw closer to Him.  

We also know, that through the Prophet Musa (AS)’s intervention and advice that fifty prayers were eventually reduced to five, but still rewarded as fifty, subhanAllah! 

Returning Home 

Finally, the Prophet (ﷺ) was taken back down to the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa and returned to Makkah on the Buraq. 

As he was transported home, he saw various caravans heading towards Makkah, which he would later describe to the Quraysh as proof that he really had made this miraculous journey.  

Allah (SWT) even displayed Bayt al-Maqdis to the Prophet (ﷺ), while the Quraish were cross-examining him in the Hijr of the Ka‘bah [Bukhari].  

The entire journey had taken place in a small portion of a night, and there were many who would mock the Prophet (ﷺ) for making such a claim. 

For the Muslims, however, the story was a source of wonder and hope, as it continues to be for us today.  

On this night, the Prophet (ﷺ) was given the honour of travelling to various blessed places on earth, then ascending the levels of sky and being finally welcomed by Allah (SWT)! All this to honour the beloved Prophet (saw) and “to show him some of Our signs!” (Qur’an 17:1)

Imam Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Balkhi (RA), the uncle of Imam Tirmidhi (RA), said: ‘The month of Rajab is the month of planting (your seeds), Sha‘ban is the month of irrigating / watering (them), and Ramadan is the month of harvesting the crop’. 

It’s now the sacred month of Rajab, the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The beginning of the spiritual season. It is when the miraculous events of Isra’ (the Night Journey) and Mi’raj (Ascension) took place – a journey that Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) took from Mecca to Jerusalem, and then ascended to the heavens. 

The month of Rajab also means that Ramadan is around the corner. Thus, it reminds us to prepare for the holiest month in the entire year – spiritually, mentally and physically. 

So how can we use this month to prepare for Ramadan 2025? 

Start to self-reflect and purify your intentions in Rajab

Spend some time alone and reflect on how you can improve spiritually. Ask yourself questions like: 

• Would Allah SWT be pleased with me if I died today? 
• What could I do to improve spiritually? 
• Am I sincere in my words and actions? Am I conscious of how I treat those around me? 
• Am I doing my best to prepare for Ramadan? What can I do better? 

Seek forgiveness and make dua’a 

We all make mistakes and it is always the right time to seek Allah SWT’s forgiveness. After all, He is the most forgiving and merciful. Strive for sincere repentance and ask those you may have wronged to forgive you.  

The Prophet ﷺ said: “All the children of Adam constantly err, but the best of those who constantly err are those who constantly repent.” 

Tirmidhi

Fast extra days in Rajab

To get yourself into a routine for Ramadan, start fasting those extra fasts or making up your missed fasts from last Ramadan. 

The best way to prepare fasting for a whole month is to start fasting often, in order to gain control over your actions, stomach, and desires. 

Fast Mondays and Thursdays

Abu Hurairah reported that the most the Prophet (ﷺ) would fast would be Monday and Thursday. He was asked about that and he said: “The deeds of people are presented to Allah on every Monday and Thursday. Allah forgives every Muslim except for those who are deserting each other.” (Hasan) 

Follow the Sunnah and pray extra prayers 

Learn more about the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) and follow him by emulating his actions. 

“Say, [Oh Muhammad], If you should love Allah, then follow me, [so] Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. And Allah is Forgiving and Merciful.” 

Qur’an 3:31

Give Charity 

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said: “Allah is in the aid of His servant as long as His aide is in the assistance of others.” (Muslim) 

This world can only be a better place if we help each other. In return, Allah SWT rewards us in both worlds. 

“Who is it that would loan Allah a goodly loan so He will multiply it for him and he will have a noble reward?”

Qur’an 57:11

Start your spiritual growth for Ramadan in Rajab

Ramadan is right around the corner. This year, Ramadan is expected to begin on the evening of Friday, February 28, 2025.

Rajab is the time to plant seeds of intention, nurture them with acts of worship, and prepare our souls for the harvest of Ramadan. Each step we take this month, from fasting to prayer to giving charity, brings us closer to Allah SWT and prepares us for the spiritual marathon ahead.

By planting these seeds now, we build habits and intentions that will flourish during the holy month. May Allah SWT grant us the strength to use this time wisely, forgive our shortcomings, and bless us with the ability to enter Ramadan with hearts full of imaan and readiness.

Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar and is one of the four sacred months.

It precedes the month of Sha’ban and Holy month of Ramadan. It also contains many benefits and virtues, as some of the most precious days of the Islamic calendar occur within this month.

When is Rajab 2025? 

This sacred month is expected to begin on January 1, 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon.

There is also Isra’ and Mi’raj on 27th Rajab. This is expected to occur on the January 27, 2025. 

Why is Rajab Important in Islam? 

Rajab is one of the four sacred months of the year. In Surah At-Tawbah, it states:

Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve in the book of Allah, since the day He created the Heavens and the Earth. Four of them, they are sacred. 

Qur’an 9:36 

Likewise, the names of these four sacred months are listed in this hadith.

Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth; the year is twelve months, four of which are sacred. Three of them are in succession: Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Al-Muharram and Rajab of Mudar, which stands between Jumada (ath-Thani) and Sha‘ban. 

Sahih al-Bukhari 

These months are sacred as there are many virtues attached to them. Fighting is prohibited during these four months. In turn, all transgressions during these months weigh heavier as wrong deeds, while all sincere acts of worship become elevated in their good deeds.

Significant Events Taking Place in Rajab 

The birth of Ali (RA) 

On the 13th Rajab, Ali (RA), the cousin and companion of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), was born.

Al Isra’ wal Miraj 

The Prophet’s (SAW) night journey Al Isra’ wal Miraj is thought to have taken place on the 27th Rajab. 

Battle of Tabuk 

In 9AH, the Battle of Tabuk took place during Rajab. During this battle, the Prophet (ﷺ) took 30,000 men to face the Roman army. As a result, the Romans retreated. Then, afterwards, a peace agreement was made. 

Salahuddin al-Ayyubi liberated Jerusalem 

In Rajab of 583 AH (1187 CE), Salahuddin al-Ayyubi liberated Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader occupation. 

Fasting in Rajab 

The sacred months are an excellent time to do sunnah (supererogatory) acts of worship, fasting included. Voluntary (nafl) prayers, du’a and Sadaqah Jariyah, are also other virtuous acts that weigh more on the scale as good deeds due to the sacredness of this month.

Whcih days should I fast in Rajab? 

There are many days on which it is Sunnah to fast. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used to fast on Mondays and Thursdays. It is also recommended to fast on the white days (13th, 14th and 15th of the Islamic lunar month).

Make the most of this sacred month

Rajab is one of the four sacred months of the year. It is also the month when Al Isra’ wal-Mi’raj took place. This makes it a month of many opportunities for blessings.  

This month is a time, when we, as Muslims, should increase worship and devotion to Allah (SWT). By working on improving our character and becoming more motivated to earn good deeds, we can earn immense rewards and better prepare for Ramadan (which is coming soon at the end of February!) in these coming months.

As Imam Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Balkhi (RA), the uncle of Imam Tirmidhi (RA), said, ‘The month of Rajab is the month of planting (your seeds), Sha‘ban is the month of irrigating/watering (them), and Ramadan is the month of harvesting the crop’.  

Rajab is the time to prepare for Ramadan – spiritually, mentally and physically. Remember to make the most of this sacred time by performing as many good deeds as you can and seeking forgiveness from Allah (SWT). May He accept and reward your efforts, ameen!

What is Ramadan? 

Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar.

During this sacred period, healthy adult Muslims are required to fast each day from dawn until dusk. This includes abstaining from drinking, eating, sexual relations, displeasing behaviours and anger. At the same time, other acts of worship such as prayer, reading the Quran and giving charity are encouraged during the Holy Month.

Ramadan lasts 29 or 30 days, depending on the sighting of the moon, as the Islamic calendar follows the lunar cycle.

As such, the time the month takes place each year varies. Generally, it roughly moves back 10 or 11 days from its previous date in the more commonly used Gregorian calendar. 

This year, Ramadan is expected to begin around Friday, February 28, 2025, and end around Sunday, March 30, 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon.

Why is Fasting Important During Ramadan?

As revealed in the Quran in Surah Al-Baqarah, Allah (SWT) has made it obligatory for Muslims to fast during the month of Ramadan.

“O believers! Fasting is prescribed for you—as it was for those before you—so perhaps you will become mindful (of Allah). (Fast a) prescribed number of days…Ramadan is the month in which the Quran was revealed as a guide for humanity with clear proofs of guidance and the decisive authority. So whoever is present this month, let them fast.”

Quran, 2:183-185

In these verses, Allah (SWT) establishes fasting during Ramadan as an important act of worship. He also emphasises the sacredness of Ramadan as the month the Quran was revealed and gifted to humanity.

The first day of fasting is expected to start on Saturday, March 1, 2025.

More Ramadan Acts: Giving Zakat and Other Donations

Ramadan is filled with many opportunities to earn rewards through good deeds and providing charity is one of them. From fulfilling Zakat to giving more Sadaqah, paying Fitrana (Zakat al-Fitr) or repaying missed fasts through Fidya (Fidyah) or Kaffarah, there are many ways to give during this month.

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) himself also gave more charity during this blessed month than at any other time. As narrated by Ibn Abbas:

“The Prophet (ﷺ) was the most generous of people in charity, but he was generous to the utmost in the month of Ramadan…giving charity like the blowing wind.”

Sahih Muslim

Important Dates in Ramadan

The Night of Power – Laylatul Qadr

In Ramadan, Allah (SWT)’s great love and mercy towards us have made it so that every good deed we do in this blessed month is multiplied by many.

This is especially true in the last 10 nights of the blessed month, which are full of even greater rewards and blessings. This is because it contains the most blessed of nights: Laylatul Qadr.

In the Qur’an, Allah (SWT) says this about Laylatul Qadr:

“What will make you realise what the Night of Power is like? The Night of Power is better than a thousand months. Angels and the Spirit descend upon it with their Lord´s permission with every command; There is peace that night until the coming of dawn.” 

Qur’an (97:1-5)

Eid al-Fitr 

Eid al-fitr marks the end of the blessed month of Ramadan. The end of the Holy month is expected on the evening of Sunday, March 30, 2025.

This year Eid al-Fitr is expected to be celebrated on Monday, March 31, 2025. However, the exact date depends on the sighting of the moon for Shawwal, the 10th month of the Islamic Calendar.

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “(Allah said), ‘Every good deed of Adam’s son is for him except fasting; it is for Me. and I shall reward (the fasting person) for it.’ Verily, the smell of the mouth of a fasting person is better to Allah than the smell of musk.” 

Sahih al-Bukhari 

Fasting (Sawm) is an important pillar of Islam. It’s a beloved act of worship, as it shows our gratitude towards Allah (SWT) for the provisions he’s given us.  

Most of us know fasting is mandatory during Ramadan. But did you know there are other times when it’s highly recommended?  

There are additional days in the year when it’s encouraged to fast. An opportunity to gain extra reward for following the Sunnah, the actions and words of our Prophet (ﷺ).  

There are also days when we cannot fast, as it is haram (forbidden) or makruh (extremely disliked) to do so. 

Hence, it’s important to know which days we can fast to prepare for them in advance. 

Days of Fasting Outside of Ramadan 

There are several days in the Islamic Calendar when it’s sunnah (highly recommended) to fast. As the Hijri year follows the moon’s cycle, the dates of these days on the conventional Western calendar change every year.  

Mondays and Thursdays  

The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. The reasons for why can be found in several ahadith.  

“O Messenger of Allah, why do you fast on Mondays and Thursdays?” He (ﷺ) said: “On Mondays and Thursdays Allah forgives every Muslim except two who have forsaken one another.”

Sunan Ibn Majah

“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “The deeds are presented on Monday and Thursday. Thus, I love for my deeds to be presented while I am fasting.” 

Tirmidhi

The Prophet (ﷺ) was asked about fasting on Monday. The Prophet said, “That is the day I was born and the day I was sent with revelation.”

 Sahih Muslim

There are also several health benefits that come with fasting two times a week. These include, but are not limited to, reduced levels of total cholesterol and lowered risk factors for heart disease.  

Six Days in Shawwal  

Shawwal is the 10th Islamic month. It is the month that follows Ramadan, as the first of Shawwal is Eid al-Fitr.

The rewards for fasting six days in Shawwal alongside Ramadan are great – as if one has fasted for the entire year!

The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan and then follows it with six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal, it will be as if he has fasted for the entire year.”

 Sahih Muslim

These six days can be spread out throughout the month. It also does not have to be consecutive days.  

The only day of Shawwal you are not allowed to fast is Eid al-Fitr. This is because it is forbidden to fast on the days of Eid.  

“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade fasting on the Day of Fitr and the Day of Adha.” 

Sunan Ibn Majah

First 9 Days of Dhul Hijjah, Especially Arafah

Dhul Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic Calendar. The first ten days of the month are extremely blessed, for “there are no days during which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)

One of the best deeds to do is to fast. Hence, on the first 9 days (as one cannot fast on Eid Al-Adha) it is recommended for us to fast, alongside doing other good deeds, such as reading Qur’an, making dhikr, giving charity and performing nafl (voluntary) prayers.

Fasting in Dhul Hijjah is also sunnah, as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fast the month’s first nine days. (Sunan Abi Dawud) 

He (ﷺ) especially encouraged it on the Day of Arafah, the 9th of Dhul Hijjah. It is also the most blessed day of the year. This is because fasting on the day of Arafah “will expiate the sins of the previous and upcoming years.” (Sahih Muslim)

However, for those going on Hajj, it is fine for them to leave the sunnah fast of Arafah.

One of the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ), Ibn Umar, noted that, while performing the pilgrimage, the Prophet (ﷺ) did not fast during Arafat.

In turn, some of the closest companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) – Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (may peace be upon them all) – also did not fast on Arafat while on Hajj. (Tirmidhi)  

Hence, fasting on the first 9 days of Dhul Hijjah, especially on Arafah, is a highly recommended act for those not on Hajj.

Ashura (and the Day Before or After it)  

Ashura occurs on the 10th of Muharram, the first Islamic month. It is a blessed day that commemorates several significant events in Islamic history.  

The origins of fasting on Ashura have been documented in this hadith collected by Al-Bukhari and Muslim and reported by Ibn ‘Abbas (RA). The narration goes as follows:  

The Prophet (ﷺ) observed the Jewish people fasting on this day and asked why they did so. The Jews replied that this was the day Allah (SWT) granted victory to Musa (AS) and Bani Isra’il over Fir’aun (Pharaoh). Thus, they fasted on this day out of respect.  

The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, “We are closer to Musa (AS) than you,” and enjoined in fasting on that day.  

There are also great blessings for fasting on Ashura. When asked about fasting on the 10th of Muharram, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “It will expiate the sins of the past year.” (Sahih Muslim)

It is also recommended to fast the day before Ashura (9th Muharram). Ibn ‘Abbas (RA) reported:

“When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fasted on the day of ‘Ashura and told the people to fast, they said, “O Messenger of Allah, this is a day that is venerated by the Jews and Christians.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Next year, if Allah wills, we will fast on the ninth day.” But by the time the following year came, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had passed away.   

Sahih Muslim

Thus, to differentiate Muslims from other religions (who also celebrated this day), the Prophet (ﷺ) instructed us to fast on the 9th and 10th of Muharram.   

If one fears they may miss Ashura because of the difference in moon sighting, then scholars also permit fasting on the 10th and 11th of Muharram.   

Most of Sha’ban  

As the 8th Islamic month, Sha’ban is the month before Ramadan. The Prophet fasted for the majority of this month, with accounts of it recorded in several ahadith. This includes a hadith where ‘Aisha (RA) said:

“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would fast until we said he will never break his fast, and he would not fast until we said he would never fast. I did not see the Prophet complete an entire month of fasting except for Ramadan, and I did not see him complete more voluntary fasts than in the month of Sha’ban.”

Bukhari and Muslim

In another hadith, ‘Aisha (RA) also said, “The most beloved month to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for fasting was Sha’ban, then he would connect it with Ramadan.” (Sunan Abi Dawud)

Exceptions to Fasting in Sha’ban 

In a hadith collected by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, ‘Aisha (RA) also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) observed fasting during the whole month of Sha’ban except for a few days. 

Abu Hurayrah (RA) similarly mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:

“Do not anticipate Ramadan by fasting one or two days before it begins, but if a man habitually fasts, then let him fast.” 

Sahih Muslim

Abu Hurayrah (RA) also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said to not fast if Sha’ban is half over. (Tirmidhi)  

The exception to this would be someone who fasted regularly, such as the Prophet (ﷺ) and many of his companions. Thus, if you are someone who regularly observes the sunnah fast, then you may still observe them in the second half of Sha’ban.  

It is also permissible to make up a Ramadan fast at this time, if necessary. ‘Aisha (RA), one of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ), herself would make up her fast in Sha’ban. Regarding this, she said, “I had to make up some fasts I missed during the month of Ramadan, but I was unable to do so until the month of Sha’ban as I was busy with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).” (Bukhari and Muslim)

The White Days  

The white days are the 13th, 14th and 15th of each Islamic month. They are called White Days (Ayam al Beedh) as the moon is most lit on these nights.  

Qatadah Ibn Malhan al-Qaysi said that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to command them to fast the days of the White (nights). He (ﷺ) said that to fast these days “is like keeping perpetual fast.” (Sunan Abi Dawud)

In another hadith, Jarir bin ‘Abdullah recalled that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:

“Fasting three days of each month is fasting for a lifetime, and the shining days of Al-Bid, the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth.”

Sunan An-Nasai  

Are There Days Muslims Cannot Fast? 

Generally, most days of the year should be okay for you to fast. The exceptions are the two days of Eid and the days of Tashreeq. It is also severely disliked for one to fast on Fridays, Saturdays and towards the end of Sha’ban unless it falls on a day they regularly fast.  

Days of Celebration 

As mentioned before, it is forbidden to fast on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. These Islamic celebrations have been designated for us to enjoy and feast with loved ones. 

Similarly, it is also forbidden to fast on the days of Tashreeq, three days after Eid al-Adha. This is because these are “days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah.” (Sahih Muslim) 

However, there is an exception. In one hadith, ‘Aisha (RA) and Ibn ‘Umar (RA) reported:

“No concession was granted allowing anyone to fast on the days of al-Tashreeq, except for the (pilgrim) who could not find a sacrificial animal.” 

Al-Bukhari

Hence, those on Hajj who are unable to perform the sacrifice for Eid Al-Adha are permitted to fast on the days of Tashreeq.  

Fridays and Saturdays 

It is severely disliked to fast on Friday alone. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “No one of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts (a day) before it or after it.” (Sahih Al Bukhari)  

This is because Friday (called Jumuah or Jummah in Arabic) is a dedicated day of worship. As fasting can make one easily tired, it may prevent them from making the most of Jumuah.  

Similarly, it is also discouraged to fast on a Saturday. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:

“Do not fast on Saturday except for what has been made obligatory upon you (by Allah). If one of you does not find but a grape peal or a tree’s twig, then let him chew it.” 

Sunan Abi Dawud

Fasting on Saturday may also cause one to resemble the practice of the Jewish people, as they observe Saturday as a day of rest.  Another reason why the Prophet (ﷺ) advised against it unless fasting was necessary.

Exceptions to Avoiding Fasting on Friday or Saturday 

Obviously, one must fast on Friday and Saturday if it falls in the month of Ramadan. It is also permissible to fast on these days if it happens to fall on a day when it is sunnah to fast, such as Arafah, Ashura or one of the White Days. 

You may also make up a fast from Ramadan on Friday or Saturday if this is the only time you can fast. But it is better to combine it with another day if you can.  

Differences between Voluntary Fasting and Fasting in Ramadan

The rulings on what breaks a fast outside of Ramadan and during Ramadan are the same. However, there are two key differences. 

When to Make the Intention  

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever does not have the intention to fast before dawn, there is no fasting for him.” 

According to At-Tirmidhi, the hadith specifically refers to fasting in Ramadan. The fast is invalid if the intention is not made before sunrise in Ramadan. This also extends to when one is making up a Ramadan fast or fasting for a vow.  

However, for voluntary fasting, it is permissible to make an intention after morning, in the opinion of Al-Shafi’i, Ahmad, and Ishaq. 

Leaving the Fast 

During Ramadan, you must remain fasting from dawn to dusk. Even if you have a valid excuse to break it, you must make up the full day you missed outside of Ramadan. Or, if you are unable to fast, pay compensation (fidyah) for it.  

However, for a voluntary fast, you can break the fast if you wish without sin. As it is voluntary, you don’t need to make up the fast later or pay compensation if you miss it.  

There was a time when the Prophet (ﷺ) received an invitation to a feast (outside of Ramadan) but one of the companions was fasting. The Prophet (ﷺ) then requested,

“Your brother has invited you and incurred expenses on your behalf, break your fast and fast another day in its place if you wish.”

Ahmad

 

May Your Sunnah Fasting Be Accepted by Allah (SWT) 

All in all, there are several specific voluntary fasts recommended for Muslims to do outside of Ramadan. These are:  

• Mondays and Thursdays 
• Six days in Shawwal (except Eid Al-Fitr) 
• First 9 days of Dhul Hijjah (especially the 9th, Arafah) 
• Ashura (10th Muharram) – if possible, combined with either the 9th or 11th Muharram 
• Most of Shaban 
• The White Days (13th, 14th and 15th of each Islamic month)

If we can fast continually during Ramadan, then we already have the mental mindset to fast some or even all these voluntary days.  

In this new Hijri year, let us make the intention to perform as many of these fast as possible! May Allah (SWT) grant us the strength to observe these days and accept our fasts, ameen! 

In Ramadan 2023, Islamic Relief supported families with vulnerable economic situations around the world. In Italy, Islamic Relief distributed 463 food vouchers across the country aiming to reach around 2,000 vulnerable people in the provinces of Milan, Brescia, Trieste and Rome.

Two of the recipients were the families of Habiba and Rabiaa. Both Habiba and Rabiaa struggle to support their children and dependants with their meagre incomes. They also care for family members with permanent health conditions.

Habiba’s Story

Habiba (45) lives in Monza, Italy. She struggles to provide for her three children as a single parent.  

“I do the chores in some houses and structures such as gyms. This is my source of income and this is how I provide for my family needs. 

 “Food is not a problem. My friends and neighbours know about my situation, and they always help me with what they can. The main challenge I’ve been facing for years is about health.  

“Two of my three children were born with a malformation that forced them to undergo many surgeries during their childhood.  

“Because of the health problems of my children, in certain periods I had to choose between working and looking after them. That meant relying only on charities for the food and the clothes and sometimes it was very hard and frustrating.  

“During these tough times I tried to take advantage of some migration laws to let my husband reach us in Italy and help me with the children, but due to my financial situation, it was not possible. 

“During Ramadan people are more generous so it is easier for me to find some help”  

“Living in a non-Muslim country, we don’t really feel the difference. I work as always, but I try to go home earlier to prepare iftar. The mosque here organises some events, but with my disabled son it is not always easy to join the community.  

 “Our diet is mainly based on pasta, rice, some vegetables and we can afford it, some meat. I don’t have much time to cook, my eldest daughter often helps me and prepares dinner for her siblings. 

“You guys lighten a burden for people like me. This month I have one less worry and I can focus on my youngest child’s surgery.” 

Rabiaa’s Story  

Rabiaa (49) lives in Milano, Italy with her husband, brother and 4 children. She works precarious jobs, cleaning and cooking. 

“We don’t have a fixed monthly income. I’m the only one who can work and provide something when I have the chance to do some cleaning or cooking. My brother just arrived from Morocco and my husband is disabled”  

“(My brother) came to Italy through a clandestine route and he had to walk for a while in the cold with inappropriate clothes. Because of the cold, they had to cut his hand and some toes. He can’t work so we have to cover his needs too.  

“It’s very difficult to cover all the costs and often we can’t provide the children with all the stuff they need. Alhamdulilah for food we can rely on charities supporting us and the local mosque.”  

“We had a very tough time during COVID. My husband used to work and provide for our needs, but after he got the vaccine, he got very very sick” Pulls out again the mobile phone, “Sorry to show you this, but just to let you understand”, shows us photos of a man in intensive care “this is him, doctors could not understand what happened to him, we thought he would die.   

“Alhamdulilah Ramadan is a blessing because there are more good people like you helping us, at least for food.”   

 “We are very grateful for you guys who support us. With the voucher I can buy all the items my family need and at least for one month we can relax or focus on other priorities, not only on food.”