Many of us know it as the month after Ramadan. A month we begin by celebrating Eid Al-Fitr, a day filled with happiness and festivities.
As it’s the first day of Shawwal we connect with family and friends on Eid al-Fitr. When we pray together, exchange greetings and gifts, and thank Allah (SWT) for allowing us to participate in and enjoy another blessed Ramadan.
It’s also a month when many of us feel sad that Ramadan has passed. As we miss the opportunities for rewards and heightened spirituality we had during the month.
However, there are also many ways to gain more Ramadan-like feelings and rewards in Shawwal.
What is Shawwal? – A month to continue the goodness
Shawwal is the 10th month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar and begins its first day with Eid Al-Fitr.
It is also renowned for the six days of Shawwal. These are six voluntary fasts one can complete at any time throughout the month of Shawwal (except on Eid al-Fitr) and doing so holds immense rewards.
For the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever fasts Ramadan and follows it with six days of Shawwal, it will be as if he fasted for a lifetime.”
Muslim
Doing these six fasts is recommended as a means of redeeming any shortcomings in the quality of our fasts in the month of Ramadan. What’s more, they are equivalent to a year of fasting if accepted by Allah (SWT).
Scholars have also considered one’s intention to fast the six days of Shawwal as a sign that their observation of Ramadan has been accepted.
In fact, Ibn Rajab (RA) said that doing these fasts would be a way of demonstrating our gratitude to Allah (SWT). For the blessings, mercy, and reward that Ramadan has to offer.
“[Allah wants] for you to complete the period and to glorify Allah for that [to] which He has guided you; and perhaps you will be grateful”
Qur’an 2:185
As such, Shawwal marks a precious time to reflect on and continue the good habits we gained in the preceding month: the blessed month of Ramadan. An important month to centre the mind, body and soul for the remainder of the year and beyond.
Key Dates in Shawwal: Eid Al-Fitr
The first day of Shawwal is also when Muslims celebrate Eid Al-Fitr, one of the celebrations recognised in Islam. The other is Eid al-Adha, observed on the 10th day of Dhul Hijjah, the last month of the Islamic Calendar.
On Eid al-Fitr, Muslims come together to enjoy the reward of observing and completing the holy month of Ramadan. They attend the Eid prayer and pay Zakat al-Fitr. It is also a day of festivities. When community members dress their best and exchange greetings, gifts and food with family and friends.
The First Month of the Hajj Period
Shawwal is the first of three months (before the month of Dhul Hijjah) in which some of the acts of Hajj can begin to be performed, such as the Tawaf of Arrival. The period of Hajj also begins in Shawwal, which is otherwise called Ash-hur Al-Hajj or the months of Hajj.
When does Shawwal begin and end?
The sighting of the new moon of Shawwal signifies the end of the holy month of Ramadan, and the beginning of Eid al-Fitr and its festivities.
This year, the first day of Shawwal began on the evening of Sunday, March 30, 2025. Eid prayer and the festivities of Eid al-Fitr took place the following day Monday, March 31, 2025. Shawwal 2025 will likely end on April 28, 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon.
The six voluntary fasts of Shawwal can take place at any time throughout the month. However, one cannot fast on the first day of the month, as it is forbidden to fast on Eid al-Fitr.
“The Prophet (ﷺ) forbade fasting on the day of al-Fitr and al-Nahr.”
Sahih Bukhari
Keep the blessings of Ramadan going
With our spirituality renewed, we all want to keep hold of that feeling at the end of Ramadan – that closeness to Allah (SWT). SubhanAllah, the deeds most loved by Allah are those done regularly – even if they are small.
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said, “The most beloved deed to Allah is the most regular and constant even if it were little.”
Sahih Bukhari
So don’t let go of that feeling – hold on to Allah (SWT)’s love. Giving regularly, even just $10 a month can help transform the lives of communities suffering the effects of conflict and natural disasters.
Don’t miss out on the chance to earn immense rewards
Keep the blessings of Ramadan going. Make the most of month of Shawwal with your giving. In big and small ways, your support saves lives in Gaza, Sudan and more.
Many of us are feeling the post-Ramadan blues, so what can we do to maintain the blessed month’s spirit? Well, the Prophet (ﷺ) gave us the powerful solution: Fasting 6 days in Shawwal, the month that immediately follows Ramadan.
Fasting the 6 days of Shawwal is not obligatory, but it carries great rewards. For the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) said:
“Whoever fasts Ramadan and follows it with six days of Shawwal, it will be as if he fasted for a lifetime.”
Muslim
In turn, you do not have to fast these days consecutively either. Fasting any six days (expect for Eid Al-Fitr) within the month is acceptable.
Shawwal, a month to continue the goodness
What is Shawwal? This is the 10th month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar and begins on Eid Al-Fitr. It is likely to end this year on April 28, 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon.
Photo: The new moon signals the beginning of a new Islamic month, including Ramadan and Shawwal.
There are also six voluntary fasts one can complete at any time throughout the month of Shawwal (except on the first day, Eid al-Fitr) and doing so holds immense rewards. Here are some of the benefits to fasting in Shawwal.
Maintains Your Momentum After Ramadan
After spending a month excelling in good deeds, many of us feel like it’s impossible to keep it up after Ramadan is over. But that’s why continuing our Ramadan habits in Shawwal, the very next month, is the best thing we can do to stay on track!
Ramadan is month where we have the opportunity to reset. To get rid of bad habits and gain good ones. To perfect our acts of worship, including how we fast.
That’s why fasting the six days of Shawwal is a chance to maintain the good habits we built during Ramadan. Fasting itself requires us to give up our physical needs (e.g. eating, drinking, and physical relations) from sunrise to sunset, as well as stay away from harmful acts (e.g. gossiping, backbiting).
Because we fasted during Ramadan, fasting six more days in the month afterwards is definitely achievable. You also don’t have to do it consecutively. If it helps, you can tie it to another sunnah fast to make it easier to remember. For example, fasting every Monday and Thursday, and/or during the three middle days of the month – both of which were practices of the Prophet (ﷺ).
Make Up for Shortcomings
The Prophet (ﷺ) tells us, “The first thing for which a person will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be their prayer. If it is complete, then the voluntary (prayers) will also be recorded for them (as an increase).
If it is not complete, then Allah will say to His angels: ‘Look and see whether you find any voluntary prayers for My slave, and take them to make up what is lacking from their obligatory prayers.’ Then all their deeds will be reckoned in like manner.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)
The same can be said for our fasts. Our voluntary fasts will be used on the Day of Judgement to both increase us in our good deeds as well as make amends for any of our deficiencies when we fasted Ramadan.
Build an Attitude of Gratitude
One of the spiritual benefits of fasting is that it nurtures gratitude in the heart of the believer. The more often we fast, the more spiritually aware we become of Allah’s favours in our lives. Abstaining from food and drink reminds us that these too are blessings from Allah that we take for granted. And we do this for a month during Ramadan.
Through fasting the six days of Shawwal, we continue to nurture this attitude of gratitude. The additional fasting encourages a deeper sense of humility, thankfulness, and awareness of those who have less than us. It keeps our hearts soft, our tongues in remembrance, and our hands more generous, just as Ramadan taught us.
Keep the Spirit of Ramadan Alive in Shawwal
While Ramadan may come to an end, its spirit doesn’t have to. Fasting the six days of Shawwal offers us a great opportunity to keep the momentum going. To continue striving for spiritual growth, self-discipline, and gratitude. It’s a way to demonstrate that prefecting our worship is not limited to one month, but is a lifelong commitment to pleasing Allah (SWT).
Whether you choose to fast the six days consecutively or spread them out across the month, what matters most is the sincerity and effort you put forth. By taking on this simple yet highly rewarding Sunnah, you are building on the foundation laid in Ramadan and securing rewards equivalent to a lifetime of fasting.
So don’t let the post-Ramadan blues weigh you down. Embrace the days of Shawwal with renewed purpose, and continue walking the path of devotion and gratitude that Ramadan helped you rediscover.
Isra’ and Mi’raj is an important night occurring on the 27th of Rajab. One that we should not slip by without reflecting on its lessons and its significance.
This year, Al Isra’ wal-Mi’raj 2025 is predicted to take place on the evening of January 26th 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon.
What is Isra’ and Mi’raj (Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj)?
Isra’ and Mi’raj, known as Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj in Arabic, is a miracle second only to the revelation of the Qur’an.
Translated, it means the Night Journey and Ascension. It refers to the event when that transported Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) from al-Masjid al-Haram to al-Masjid al-Aqsa, from where he (ﷺ) ascended to heaven. It was an incredible journey, filled with many wonders and miracles.
Photo: Night, when the Prophet (ﷺ) embarked on the incredible night journey and ascension.
When did the Night Journey and Ascension (Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj) Happen?
Isra’ and Mi’raj took place during a time when Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) was facing intense hardship and pain.
The Quraysh constantly ridiculed, humiliated and oppressed the Prophet (ﷺ) and his followers. Moreover, he (ﷺ) had just faced the Year of Sorrow (’Aam al-Huzn), during which he (ﷺ) lost his beloved wife Khadijah (RA) and his uncle Abu Talib, his protector and ally.
In addition to all these struggles, when the Prophet (ﷺ) travelled to Ta’if to spread the message of Islam, the people of Ta’if rejected him, sending their children after him to stone him until he left the city.
Having gone through so much grief and suffering, Al-Isra’ wal-Mi’raj came to the Prophet (ﷺ) as a beautiful and comforting gift.
He was transported not only through the skies but ultimately into the presence of Allah (SWT), the source of all comfort and hope.
Al-Isra’: From the Ka’bah to Al-Aqsa
When the Prophet (ﷺ) was sleeping in the house of Umm Hani (ra) in Makkah when the roof of his house opened and the Angel Jibril (AS) descended (Bukhari).
He (ﷺ) was then taken to the Hijr, the semi-circular wall of the Ka‘bah. It was there that Jibril (AS) opened the Prophet (ﷺ)’s chest and washed it with Zamzam water. Jibril then brought a golden tray full of wisdom and faith, and having poured its contents into the Prophet (ﷺ)’s chest, he closed it. (Bukhari)
Jibril then brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) a white beast called al-Buraq (from the Arabic word barq, meaning lightning). It was bigger than a donkey and smaller than a mule. Its stride was as long as the eye could reach. (Muslim)
Buraq first shied from the Prophet (ﷺ) before they set off. So Jibril (AS) said to a saddled and reined Buraq, “Is it from Muhammad (ﷺ) that you do this? For nobody has ridden you who is more honourable to Allah than him! Then Buraq started sweating profusely. (Tirmidhi)
At several points along the journey, Jibril (AS) stopped Buraq and told the Prophet (ﷺ), “Dismount and pray”. The first stop was at “the place of emigration”, Madinah. Soon, after this night, the Prophet (ﷺ) would meet the Ansar and migrate to Madinah.
The second stop was on Mount Sinai, where Allah (SWT) revealed the Torah to Musa (AS). The third stop was at Bethlehem, where ’Isa (AS) was born.
The fourth stop was the grave of Musa (AS), located “a stone’s throw” away from the holy land of the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa (Bukhari).
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: “On the night on which I was taken on the Night Journey, I passed by Musa and he was praying in his grave.”
Sunan an-Nasai
Arriving at Al-Aqsa
When Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) arrived in the holy city of Al-Quds (Jerusalem), they approached Masjid Al-Aqsa. There, Jibril (AS) pointed to the Masjid with his finger, causing a crack in the rock, and tied Buraq to the western wall of the noble sanctuary. (Tirmidhi).
Waiting inside were all 124,000 Prophets (AS), and among them included Musa (AS), Isa (AS) and Ibrahim. Jibril (AS) led the Prophet (ﷺ) to the front, and he (ﷺ) led them all in prayer in this blessed space.
When the Prophet (ﷺ) completed the prayer, someone said, “Here is Malik (AS), the keeper of Hellfire, so convey Salams to him”. So, he (ﷺ) turned to him, but the angel Malik preceded him in Salams’ (Muslim).
The Prophets (AS) also discussed, after praising Allah (SWT), about “the Hour”. Both Ibrahim (AS) and Musa (AS) stated that they “did not have any knowledge of it”. Whilst ’Isa (AS) ’mentioned the Dajjal (anti-Christ). (Ibn Majah)
Following the discussion, the Prophet (ﷺ) came out and Jibril (AS) brought him (ﷺ) a vessel of wine and a vessel of milk. When the Prophet (ﷺ) chose the milk Jibril (AS) said, “You have chosen the natural state (Fitrah)” (Muslim).
The Prophet (ﷺ), with Jibril (AS), then proceeded to the Noble Rock (as-Sakhrah al-Musharrafah), currently housed by the holy Dome of the Rock Masjid, at the centre of the noble sanctuary (al-Haram ash-Sharif) of the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa.
He (ﷺ) then ascended into the heavens for the next part of this incredible journey – the Mi‘raj, the Ascension!
What is the Mi’raj?
He (ﷺ) certainly saw some of his Lord’s greatest signs.
Qur’an 53:18
The word Al-Mi’raj is a noun of instrument in Arabic morphology, which literally means ‘an instrument you use to ascend’. But how does this relate to the Prophet (ﷺ)’s night journey?
In the Prophet’s Night Journey and Heavenly Ascent by Sayyid Muhammad ibn Alawi al-Maliki, it states that:
The Prophet (ﷺ), “saw the wide-eyed maidens of Paradise at the left of the Rock (at the Dome of the Rock Masjid). He greeted them and they returned his greeting.
“Then he asked them something and they replied with an answer that cools the eyes. Then the Prophet (ﷺ) was brought the ladder by which the spirits of the children of Adam (AS) ascend.
“It had alternate stairs of silver and gold and came down from the Highest Garden of Paradise, Jannat al-Firdaus. It was encrusted with pearls and surrounded (by) angels on its right and left”
As recorded in The Life of Muhammad (ﷺ) Ibn Ishaq, the Prophet (ﷺ) also said the ladder was finer than any he had ever seen, and that this was the ladder which “the dying man looks when death approaches”.
Then the Prophet (ﷺ), accompanied by Jibril (AS), ascended into the layers of sky.
The First Sky
Allah ascended the Prophet (ﷺ) from the Dome of the Rock through the skies, where he saw many miraculous sights reaching heaven, the first layer of the sky and the end of the known universe.
Jibril (AS) then asked the (gate of heaven) to be opened (by knocking on one of its doors). (Bukhari)
The dwellers of Paradise asked, ‘Who is it?’ He said, ” Jibril.” They said, “Who is accompanying you?” He said, “Muhammad (ﷺ).” They said, “Has he (ﷺ ) been called?” He said, “Yes,” They said, “He (ﷺ) is welcomed.” (Bukhari)
The Prophet (ﷺ) also reported that when (the door of heaven) was opened for them “…suddenly I was with (the Prophet) Adam (AS). Then he welcomed me and supplicated for good for me”. (Muslim)
The Second to Seventh Sky
The Prophet (ﷺ) continued to ascend the layers of the skies with Jibril (AS). Each time, they again sought permission to enter, and the angelic guards were delighted and welcomed the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).
It was also through passing these skies that the Prophet (ﷺ) met many of the prophets (AS) who came before him. At the second sky, he met prophets Isa (AS) and Yahya (AS). In the third sky, the Prophet (ﷺ) met the Prophet Yusuf (AS).
At the fourth sky, the Prophet (ﷺ) met the Prophet Idris (AS). In the fifth sky, he met the Prophet Harun (AS), before meeting Prophet Musa (AS) in the next sky – the sixth.
At each one of these levels, these Prophets (AS) welcomed the Prophet (ﷺ) and supplicated good for him saying, “Welcome O pious Prophet and pious brother!” (Bukhari)
At the seventh sky, the Prophet (ﷺ) met his greatest ancestor, the Prophet Ibrahim (AS) who was “reclining his back against al-Bayt al-Ma‘mur. And there enter into it seventy thousand angels every day ever to return to it (again)”. [Muslim]
(Bayt al-Ma’mur, in Arabic, means “the much-visited House”. It is the heavenly Ka‘bah directly above the one on earth). Like Adam (AS), Ibrahim (AS) also greeted the Prophet (ﷺ).
The Lote Tree
As the Prophet (ﷺ) carried on his journey, he reached the Furthest Lote Tree, known, in Arabic, as “Sidrah al-Muntaha” (Qur’an 53:14).
In several ahadith, the Prophet (ﷺ) described the tree in great detail.
“(Its) leaves were like elephant ears and its fruit like big earthenware vessels”. (Muslim)
“Then when it was covered by the Command of Allah, it underwent such a change that none amongst the creation has the power to praise its beauty” (Muslim)
“A rider will travel in the shade of one of its branches for a hundred years,” or “a hundred riders will seek to shade themselves with its shade”. (Tirmidhi)
The tree is surrounded (by) “golden butterflies”. (Tirmidhi)
He (ﷺ) further said: “many a colour had covered it which I do not know (i.e. the colours of this tree were indescribable)”. (Muslim)
He also stated that, “There terminates everything that ascends from the earth, and everything that descends from above”. (Tirmidhi)
The Divine Meeting
Then Allah revealed to His servant (ﷺ) what He revealed
Qur’an 53:10
At the end of this journey, the Prophet (ﷺ) was brought to Allah (SWT), the ultimate source of strength and relief.
Regarding this important meeting, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, ‘Then Allah revealed to me what he revealed to me and then He made obligatory for me fifty prayers every day and night’. [Muslim]
It was here that Allah gave this Ummah the gift of compulsory Salah. A daily source of strength to Muslims, giving them the opportunity to communicate with Allah (SWT) directly and draw closer to Him.
We also know, that through the Prophet Musa (AS)’s intervention and advice that fifty prayers were eventually reduced to five, but still rewarded as fifty, subhanAllah!
Returning Home
Finally, the Prophet (ﷺ) was taken back down to the Blessed Masjid Al-Aqsa and returned to Makkah on the Buraq.
As he was transported home, he saw various caravans heading towards Makkah, which he would later describe to the Quraysh as proof that he really had made this miraculous journey.
Allah (SWT) even displayed Bayt al-Maqdis to the Prophet (ﷺ), while the Quraish were cross-examining him in the Hijr of the Ka‘bah [Bukhari].
The entire journey had taken place in a small portion of a night, and there were many who would mock the Prophet (ﷺ) for making such a claim.
For the Muslims, however, the story was a source of wonder and hope, as it continues to be for us today.
On this night, the Prophet (ﷺ) was given the honour of travelling to various blessed places on earth, then ascending the levels of sky and being finally welcomed by Allah (SWT)! All this to honour the beloved Prophet (saw) and “to show him some of Our signs!” (Qur’an 17:1)
Your Zakat Heals Our Ummah
Make the most of Rajab by preparing for Ramadan. Give the gift of happiness and hope to our brothers and sisters in need with Islamic Relief.
Rajab is the seventh month of the Islamic (Hijri) calendar and is one of the four sacred months.
It precedes the month of Sha’ban and Holy month of Ramadan. It also contains many benefits and virtues, as some of the most precious days of the Islamic calendar occur within this month.
When is Rajab 2025?
This sacred month is expected to begin on January 1, 2025, depending on the sighting of the moon.
There is also Isra’ and Mi’raj on 27th Rajab. This is expected to occur on the January 27, 2025.
Photo: The sighting of the moon is used to determine the dates of the Islamic months of the lunar calendar.
Why is Rajab Important in Islam?
Rajab is one of the four sacred months of the year. In Surah At-Tawbah, it states:
Verily, the number of months with Allah is twelve in the book of Allah, since the day He created the Heavens and the Earth. Four of them, they are sacred.
Qur’an 9:36
Likewise, the names of these four sacred months are listed in this hadith.
Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the Heavens and the Earth; the year is twelve months, four of which are sacred. Three of them are in succession: Dhul-Qa‘dah, Dhul-Hijjah, Al-Muharram and Rajab of Mudar, which stands between Jumada (ath-Thani) and Sha‘ban.
Sahih al-Bukhari
These months are sacred as there are many virtues attached to them. Fighting is prohibited during these four months. In turn, all transgressions during these months weigh heavier as wrong deeds, while all sincere acts of worship become elevated in their good deeds.
Significant Events Taking Place in Rajab
The birth of Ali (RA)
On the 13th Rajab, Ali (RA), the cousin and companion of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ), was born.
Al Isra’ wal Miraj
The Prophet’s (SAW) night journey Al Isra’ wal Miraj is thought to have taken place on the 27th Rajab.
Battle of Tabuk
In 9AH, the Battle of Tabuk took place during Rajab. During this battle, the Prophet (ﷺ) took 30,000 men to face the Roman army. As a result, the Romans retreated. Then, afterwards, a peace agreement was made.
Salahuddin al-Ayyubi liberated Jerusalem
In Rajab of 583 AH (1187 CE), Salahuddin al-Ayyubi liberated Jerusalem after 88 years of Crusader occupation.
Fasting in Rajab
The sacred months are an excellent time to do sunnah (supererogatory) acts of worship, fasting included. Voluntary (nafl) prayers, du’a and Sadaqah Jariyah, are also other virtuous acts that weigh more on the scale as good deeds due to the sacredness of this month.
Whcih days should I fast in Rajab?
There are many days on which it is Sunnah to fast. The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) used to fast on Mondays and Thursdays. It is also recommended to fast on the white days (13th, 14th and 15th of the Islamic lunar month).
Make the most of this sacred month
Rajab is one of the four sacred months of the year. It is also the month when Al Isra’ wal-Mi’raj took place. This makes it a month of many opportunities for blessings.
This month is a time, when we, as Muslims, should increase worship and devotion to Allah (SWT). By working on improving our character and becoming more motivated to earn good deeds, we can earn immense rewards and better prepare for Ramadan (which is coming soon at the end of February!) in these coming months.
As Imam Abu Bakr al-Warraq al-Balkhi (RA), the uncle of Imam Tirmidhi (RA), said, ‘The month of Rajab is the month of planting (your seeds), Sha‘ban is the month of irrigating/watering (them), and Ramadan is the month of harvesting the crop’.
Rajab is the time to prepare for Ramadan – spiritually, mentally and physically. Remember to make the most of this sacred time by performing as many good deeds as you can and seeking forgiveness from Allah (SWT). May He accept and reward your efforts, ameen!
Your Zakat Heals Our Ummah
Make the most of Rajab by preparing for Ramadan. Give the gift of happiness and hope to our brothers and sisters in need with Islamic Relief.
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “(Allah said), ‘Every good deed of Adam’s son is for him except fasting; it is for Me. and I shall reward (the fasting person) for it.’ Verily, the smell of the mouth of a fasting person is better to Allah than the smell of musk.”
Fasting (Sawm) is an important pillar of Islam. It’s a beloved act of worship, as it shows our gratitude towards Allah (SWT) for the provisions he’s given us.
Most of us know fasting is mandatory during Ramadan. But did you know there are other times when it’s highly recommended?
There are additional days in the year when it’s encouraged to fast. An opportunity to gain extra reward for following the Sunnah, the actions and words of our Prophet (ﷺ).
There are also days when we cannot fast, as it is haram (forbidden) or makruh (extremely disliked) to do so.
Hence, it’s important to know which days we can fast to prepare for them in advance.
Days of Fasting Outside of Ramadan
There are several days in the Islamic Calendar when it’s sunnah (highly recommended) to fast. As the Hijri year follows the moon’s cycle, the dates of these days on the conventional Western calendar change every year.
Mondays and Thursdays
The Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) would fast on Mondays and Thursdays. The reasons for why can be found in several ahadith.
“O Messenger of Allah, why do you fast on Mondays and Thursdays?” He (ﷺ) said: “On Mondays and Thursdays Allah forgives every Muslim except two who have forsaken one another.”
There are also several health benefits that come with fasting two times a week. These include, but are not limited to, reduced levels of total cholesterol and lowered risk factors for heart disease.
Six Days in Shawwal
Shawwal is the 10th Islamic month. It is the month that follows Ramadan, as the first of Shawwal is Eid al-Fitr.
The rewards for fasting six days in Shawwal alongside Ramadan are great – as if one has fasted for the entire year!
The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Whoever fasts the month of Ramadan and then follows it with six days of fasting in the month of Shawwal, it will be as if he has fasted for the entire year.”
Dhul Hijjah is the twelfth and final month of the Islamic Calendar. The first ten days of the month are extremely blessed, for “there are no days during which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these days.” (Sunan Ibn Majah)
One of the best deeds to do is to fast. Hence, on the first 9 days (as one cannot fast on Eid Al-Adha) it is recommended for us to fast, alongside doing other good deeds, such as reading Qur’an, making dhikr, giving charity and performing nafl (voluntary) prayers.
Fasting in Dhul Hijjah is also sunnah, as the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to fast the month’s first nine days. (Sunan Abi Dawud)
He (ﷺ) especially encouraged it on the Day of Arafah, the 9th of Dhul Hijjah. It is also the most blessed day of the year. This is because fasting on the day of Arafah “will expiate the sins of the previous and upcoming years.” (Sahih Muslim)
However, for those going on Hajj, it is fine for them to leave the sunnah fast of Arafah.
One of the companions of the Prophet (ﷺ), Ibn Umar, noted that, while performing the pilgrimage, the Prophet (ﷺ) did not fast during Arafat.
In turn, some of the closest companions of the Prophet (ﷺ) – Abu Bakr, Umar and Uthman (may peace be upon them all) – also did not fast on Arafat while on Hajj. (Tirmidhi)
Hence, fasting on the first 9 days of Dhul Hijjah, especially on Arafah, is a highly recommended act for those not on Hajj.
Ashura (and the Day Before or After it)
Ashura occurs on the 10th of Muharram, the first Islamic month. It is a blessed day that commemorates several significant events in Islamic history.
The origins of fasting on Ashura have been documented in this hadith collected by Al-Bukhari and Muslim and reported by Ibn ‘Abbas (RA). The narration goes as follows:
The Prophet (ﷺ) observed the Jewish people fasting on this day and asked why they did so. The Jews replied that this was the day Allah (SWT) granted victory to Musa (AS) and Bani Isra’il over Fir’aun (Pharaoh). Thus, they fasted on this day out of respect.
The Prophet (ﷺ) then said, “We are closer to Musa (AS) than you,” and enjoined in fasting on that day.
There are also great blessings for fasting on Ashura. When asked about fasting on the 10th of Muharram, the Prophet (ﷺ) said, “It will expiate the sins of the past year.” (Sahih Muslim)
It is also recommended to fast the day before Ashura (9th Muharram). Ibn ‘Abbas (RA) reported:
“When the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) fasted on the day of ‘Ashura and told the people to fast, they said, “O Messenger of Allah, this is a day that is venerated by the Jews and Christians.” The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, “Next year, if Allah wills, we will fast on the ninth day.” But by the time the following year came, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) had passed away.
Thus, to differentiate Muslims from other religions (who also celebrated this day), the Prophet (ﷺ) instructed us to fast on the 9th and 10th of Muharram.
If one fears they may miss Ashura because of the difference in moon sighting, then scholars also permit fasting on the 10th and 11th of Muharram.
Most of Sha’ban
As the 8th Islamic month, Sha’ban is the month before Ramadan. The Prophet fasted for the majority of this month, with accounts of it recorded in several ahadith. This includes a hadith where ‘Aisha (RA) said:
“The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) would fast until we said he will never break his fast, and he would not fast until we said he would never fast. I did not see the Prophet complete an entire month of fasting except for Ramadan, and I did not see him complete more voluntary fasts than in the month of Sha’ban.”
In another hadith, ‘Aisha (RA) also said, “The most beloved month to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) for fasting was Sha’ban, then he would connect it with Ramadan.” (Sunan Abi Dawud)
Exceptions to Fasting in Sha’ban
In a hadith collected by Al-Bukhari and Muslim, ‘Aisha (RA) also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) observed fasting during the whole month of Sha’ban except for a few days.
Abu Hurayrah (RA) similarly mentioned that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
“Do not anticipate Ramadan by fasting one or two days before it begins, but if a man habitually fasts, then let him fast.”
Abu Hurayrah (RA) also reported that the Prophet (ﷺ) said to not fast if Sha’ban is half over. (Tirmidhi)
The exception to this would be someone who fasted regularly, such as the Prophet (ﷺ) and many of his companions. Thus, if you are someone who regularly observes the sunnah fast, then you may still observe them in the second half of Sha’ban.
It is also permissible to make up a Ramadan fast at this time, if necessary. ‘Aisha (RA), one of the wives of the Prophet (ﷺ), herself would make up her fast in Sha’ban. Regarding this, she said, “I had to make up some fasts I missed during the month of Ramadan, but I was unable to do so until the month of Sha’ban as I was busy with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).” (Bukhari and Muslim)
The White Days
The white days are the 13th, 14th and 15th of each Islamic month. They are called White Days (Ayam al Beedh) as the moon is most lit on these nights.
Qatadah Ibn Malhan al-Qaysi said that the Prophet (ﷺ) used to command them to fast the days of the White (nights). He (ﷺ) said that to fast these days “is like keeping perpetual fast.” (Sunan Abi Dawud)
In another hadith, Jarir bin ‘Abdullah recalled that the Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“Fasting three days of each month is fasting for a lifetime, and the shining days of Al-Bid, the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth.”
Generally, most days of the year should be okay for you to fast. The exceptions are the two days of Eid and the days of Tashreeq. It is also severely disliked for one to fast on Fridays, Saturdays and towards the end of Sha’ban unless it falls on a day they regularly fast.
Days of Celebration
As mentioned before, it is forbidden to fast on Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha. These Islamic celebrations have been designated for us to enjoy and feast with loved ones.
Similarly, it is also forbidden to fast on the days of Tashreeq, three days after Eid al-Adha. This is because these are “days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah.” (Sahih Muslim)
However, there is an exception. In one hadith, ‘Aisha (RA) and Ibn ‘Umar (RA) reported:
“No concession was granted allowing anyone to fast on the days of al-Tashreeq, except for the (pilgrim) who could not find a sacrificial animal.”
Hence, those on Hajj who are unable to perform the sacrifice for Eid Al-Adha are permitted to fast on the days of Tashreeq.
Fridays and Saturdays
It is severely disliked to fast on Friday alone. The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “No one of you should fast on Friday, unless he fasts (a day) before it or after it.” (Sahih Al Bukhari)
This is because Friday (called Jumuah or Jummah in Arabic) is a dedicated day of worship. As fasting can make one easily tired, it may prevent them from making the most of Jumuah.
Similarly, it is also discouraged to fast on a Saturday. The Prophet (ﷺ) said:
“Do not fast on Saturday except for what has been made obligatory upon you (by Allah). If one of you does not find but a grape peal or a tree’s twig, then let him chew it.”
Fasting on Saturday may also cause one to resemble the practice of the Jewish people, as they observe Saturday as a day of rest. Another reason why the Prophet (ﷺ) advised against it unless fasting was necessary.
Exceptions to Avoiding Fasting on Friday or Saturday
Obviously, one must fast on Friday and Saturday if it falls in the month of Ramadan. It is also permissible to fast on these days if it happens to fall on a day when it is sunnah to fast, such as Arafah, Ashura or one of the White Days.
You may also make up a fast from Ramadan on Friday or Saturday if this is the only time you can fast. But it is better to combine it with another day if you can.
Differences between Voluntary Fasting and Fastingin Ramadan
The rulings on what breaks a fast outside of Ramadan and during Ramadan are the same. However, there are two key differences.
When to Make the Intention
The Prophet (ﷺ) said, “Whoever does not have the intention to fast before dawn, there is no fasting for him.”
According to At-Tirmidhi, the hadith specifically refers to fasting in Ramadan. The fast is invalid if the intention is not made before sunrise in Ramadan. This also extends to when one is making up a Ramadan fast or fasting for a vow.
However, for voluntary fasting, it is permissible to make an intention after morning, in the opinion of Al-Shafi’i, Ahmad, and Ishaq.
Leaving the Fast
During Ramadan, you must remain fasting from dawn to dusk. Even if you have a valid excuse to break it, you must make up the full day you missed outside of Ramadan. Or, if you are unable to fast, pay compensation (fidyah) for it.
However, for a voluntary fast, you can break the fast if you wish without sin. As it is voluntary, you don’t need to make up the fast later or pay compensation if you miss it.
There was a time when the Prophet (ﷺ) received an invitation to a feast (outside of Ramadan) but one of the companions was fasting. The Prophet (ﷺ) then requested,
“Your brother has invited you and incurred expenses on your behalf, break your fast and fast another day in its place if you wish.”
May Your Sunnah Fasting Be Accepted by Allah (SWT)
All in all, there are several specific voluntary fasts recommended for Muslims to do outside of Ramadan. These are:
Mondays and Thursdays
Six days in Shawwal (except Eid Al-Fitr)
First 9 days of Dhul Hijjah (especially the 9th, Arafah)
Ashura (10th Muharram) – if possible, combined with either the 9th or 11th Muharram
Most of Shaban
The White Days (13th, 14th and 15th of each Islamic month)
If we can fast continually during Ramadan, then we already have the mental mindset to fast some or even all these voluntary days.
In this new Hijri year, let us make the intention to perform as many of these fast as possible! May Allah (SWT) grant us the strength to observe these days and accept our fasts, ameen!
